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VOLUME 3, ISSUE 11, NOVEMBER 2015
A Comparative Study of Conventional and Modern Phase Coded Radar Transmitters
Mohamed A. A. Abdel-Rahman
Assessment of performance with the Comparision of Asymmetrical Cascaded and Reduced Switch Multilevel Inverter of Space Vector Control Modulation
Rohith Balaji Jonnala, Sai Babu Choppavarapu
Coal Analysis in Thermal Power Plant
Ramandeep Kaur, Ishwinder Singh, Dr. Jyoti Saxena, Sonia Grover
Morphological Transformations for Enhancement of Images with Poor Contrast and Detection of Background
Manisha G Tekam
Possibilities of Electrical Power Production by Incineration Process: A review
Mr. Kaushal K. Bhatt, Mr. Jayrajsinh B. Solanki
Green Technology for Eco-friendly and Sustainable Shipping using Adjustable Speed Drive
Mr. Sanjay Dabadgaonkar, Dr. Asim Kumar Sen, Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Application of Chaos Theory for Power Quality Improvement
Mr. Rahul S. Bhagat, Mr. Mahesh Meena
Soft Computing Based Controllers for a Humidification Process
Sivaranjini.R, Venkatesh.S
Advanced Control of Grid Interfacing Inverter
Mr. Prince A Basheer, Mr. Rahul Charles C M, Ms. Anju Jacob
Topologies for Voltage Sag & Swell Compensation by Dynamic Voltage Restorer
Sagar P. Joshi, Paresh J. Shah
Offshore Wind Farms with Low Frequency AC Transmission Connection to the Main Grid
Padala Lakshmi, Shaik Hussain Vali, Asapu Siva
Tampering Detection of Domestic Load by GSM
M.V. Bhatkar, S.A .Thete
Energy Efficient Mobile Element Based Data Gathering in Wireless Sensor Networks
Mr. P. Shanmugam, Ms. S. Jayanthi, Dr. J. Raja, Ms. R. Nusrath
Design, Tuning and Analysis of a Robust PID Controller for FOPTD Unstable Systems with Uncertainty in the Process Model Parameters
Vivek B. Patil, Prof Dr. Dilip K. Maghade
IPSO Algorithm for Maximization of System Loadability, Voltage Stability and Loss Minimisation by Optimal DG Placement
N. Prema Kumar, K. Mercy Rosalina
Extraction of Solar Cell Modelling Parameters Using Differential Evolution Algorithm
Rituraj Tamrakar, Archana Gupta
Enhancement of Transfer Capability in a deregulated environment using TCSC under contingency
M Venkateswara Rao, Sirigiri Sivanagaraju
Post-processing of “Pulse code modulation” encoder output to downtick bit rates for voice transmission
M.Sravan Reddy, Dr.D.Vishnuvardhan
Design of Self Governing Renewable Energy Residential System by Using Optimization Techniques
G.Vara Lakshmi, V.Usha Reddy
Optimal Placement of DSTATCOM in Radial Distribution System using Fuzzy and Penguins Search Optimization Algorithm
K Subbarami Reddy, V Usha Reddy
Performance Evaluation of PFC Boost Converters
Mohammed Asim, Heena Parveen, Dr. M. A. Mallick, Ambreen Siddiqui
Phase Angle Control Method of Speed Control of Single Phase Induction Motor
M. Narayanan, R. Vidhya, P.Yuvaraj
A Fuzzy Logic based Sensorless Speed Control of DTC-SVM of an Induction Motor using EKF
Sk.Roohi Apsha, J.N.Chandrasekhar
Investigation of Inductance and Flux density profiles for different rotor and stator positions Using FEM
A.Veera Reddy
|DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2015.31125
To Design an Linear Phase FIR Filter Using Bare Bones Particle Swarm Optimization (BBPSO)
S. Harjaskaran Singh, Mrs. Mandeep Kaur
|DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2015.31126
Edge Detection (Image Processing) Smart Traffic Control
Brinda.R. B, Namratha Venkatesh Murthy, B. M. Ramya, Faculty Advisor: Dr. Vijaya Prakash A M
Abstract
A Comparative Study of Conventional and Modern Phase Coded Radar Transmitters
Mohamed A. A. Abdel-Rahman
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2015.31101
Abstract: The main objective of this paper is to present the most important techniques applied to pulse radar transmitters such as a delay-line-type modulator (DLM) for conventional radars and a binary phase modulation for modern ones. A pulse forming network (PFN), comprising of a delay line with LC-sections, charging chock, blocking diode and silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR), is investigated. The pre-trigger signal with 2-kHz pulse repetition frequency is responsible for beginning of the transmission period. The duration of transmitted pulse, generated by DLM, depends mainly on the number of LC-sections and their element values. The formed pulse feeds the radio- frequency (RF) oscillator (magnetron) as a high bias voltage to give the RF carrier. A 7-bit code generator is designed to control the phase of carrier signal using the ring modulator circuit aiming to minimizing the jamming signals effect and achieving security for the communication systems. Furthermore, the phase coding modulation facilitates the design and implementation of pulse compression circuit, digital correlator in our work, for modern radar receivers. This improves the resolving power in range and angle, signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the detected targets and the associated probability of detection.
Keywords: Ring Modulator; Pulse Compression; Signal to Noise Ratio, SNR; Pulse Forming Network; Binary Phase- coded Signal.
Keywords: Ring Modulator; Pulse Compression; Signal to Noise Ratio, SNR; Pulse Forming Network; Binary Phase- coded Signal.
Abstract
Assessment of performance with the Comparision of Asymmetrical Cascaded and Reduced Switch Multilevel Inverter of Space Vector Control Modulation
Rohith Balaji Jonnala, Sai Babu Choppavarapu
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2015.31102
Abstract: In recent research activities, different types of multilevel inverters are designed to fulfil the present requirements of power. Already some of the standard multilevel inverters take major role in the electrical market like, Diode Clamped, Flying Capacitor and Cascaded H-Bridge multilevel inverter. In cascaded type, Asymmetrical multilevel inverter is most popular one; but different types of multilevel inverters are introduced with the capabilities of reduced switches, reduced number of sources, single DC source and single bridge etc. In this paper comparision of reduced switch multilevel inverter with standard asymmetrical cascaded multilevel inverter to analyze the various aspects like implementation, performance, applications and computational complexity. This analysis gives the idea about recently introduced multilevel inverters among the standard inverters.
Keywords: Asymmetrical Multilevel Inverter, Reduced Switch Multilevel Inverter, Space Vector Control Modulation, Total Harmonic Distortion, Pulse Generation.
Keywords: Asymmetrical Multilevel Inverter, Reduced Switch Multilevel Inverter, Space Vector Control Modulation, Total Harmonic Distortion, Pulse Generation.
Abstract
Coal Analysis in Thermal Power Plant
Ramandeep Kaur, Ishwinder Singh, Dr. Jyoti Saxena, Sonia Grover
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2015.31103
Abstract: Energy is an important factor today in determining the economy of a country. Present emphasis is to elicit maximum energy out of the resources so as to reduce the running cost of a plant or an organisation. Coal is one of the most economical fuel as compared to other fuels such as gas or oil. Quality of coal is thus of primary importance in improving the efficiency of the Power Plant. This paper presents coal analysis at Thermal Power Plant situated in Punjab to determine the characteristics thus, the rank of coal. The possible recommendations are also given to improve the performance of coal so that the efficiency of the plant can be improved.
Keywords: Thermal Power Plant, Proximate Analysis, Coal, Efficiency.
Keywords: Thermal Power Plant, Proximate Analysis, Coal, Efficiency.
Abstract
Morphological Transformations for Enhancement of Images with Poor Contrast and Detection of Background
Manisha G Tekam
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2015.31104
Abstract: This paper deals with enhancement of images with poor contrast and detection of background. Proposes a frame work which is used to detect the background in images characterized by poor contrast. Image enhancement has been carried out by the two methods based on the Weber‟s law notion. The first method employs information from image background analysis by blocks, while the second transformation method utilizes the opening operation, closing operation, which is employed to define the multi-background gray scale images. The complete image processing is done using MATLAB simulation model. Finally, this paper is organized as follows as Morphological transformation and Weber‟s law. Image background approximation to the background by means of block analysis in conjunction with transformations that enhance images with poor lighting. The multi background notion is introduced by means of the opening by reconstruction shows a comparison among several techniques to improve contrast in images. Histogram for every method is shown. Finally, conclusions are presented.
Keyword: Image Background Analysis by blocks, Morphological Methods, Weber‟s law notion, Opening Operation, Closing Operation, Erosion-Dilation method, Histogram equalization, Block Analysis for Gray level images.
Keyword: Image Background Analysis by blocks, Morphological Methods, Weber‟s law notion, Opening Operation, Closing Operation, Erosion-Dilation method, Histogram equalization, Block Analysis for Gray level images.
Abstract
Possibilities of Electrical Power Production by Incineration Process: A review
Mr. Kaushal K. Bhatt, Mr. Jayrajsinh B. Solanki
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2015.31105
Abstract: This review paper gives insight of an incineration process of solid waste management system. By this method if handled with proper design gives enough energy for electrical power production. This review paper shows how power can be generated by this method like a power plant sized dependent upon the mass of solid waste available from a particular area in which it is to be installed. This paper also shows the possibilities of electrical power production at various area dependent upon the solid waste available. A list of energy available from various solid wastes material is also included in this paper. Finally advantages and disadvantages of Incineration process is given in conclusion.
Keywords: Solid waste management, incineration, electric power production, energy from Waste, MSW, Waste to energy.
Keywords: Solid waste management, incineration, electric power production, energy from Waste, MSW, Waste to energy.
Abstract
Green Technology for Eco-friendly and Sustainable Shipping using Adjustable Speed Drive
Mr. Sanjay Dabadgaonkar, Dr. Asim Kumar Sen, Dr. Rajendra Prasad
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2015.31106
Abstract: The revised MARPOL Convention adresses Ă©missions from ships under Annex VI, chapter 4, entered into force since 1st January 2013. It set mandatory measures to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from international shipping, with the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) made mandatory for new ships, and the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) made a requirement for all ships. The major consumption of energy and burning of fuel onboard is generally required for Ballast water management, Sea water cooling, Cargo operation and Propulsion. Energy efficiency plays the most important role in reduction of energy consumption, fuel consumption and CO2 emissions, accounting for up to 53% of total CO2 emission reductions onboard ship. In pumping applications onboard vessels for sea water cooling systems, the use of proposed Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) control can cut the energy consumption by as much as 60%. Here we have developed a model of adjustable speed drives for controlling high power centrifugal pumps onboard ship for energy conservation and eco-friendly sailing. The results of simulation shows that the proposed method of flow control using VFD not only saves energy but also reduces burning of fuel and also results in a reduction of greenhouse gas emission. Therefore by the use of proposed Green, Smart and Intelligent technology, we can save significant energy and reduce emission of GHG, so as to meet stringent norms as per MARPOL ANNEX-VI, Chapter-4.
Keywords: MARPOL, Centrifugal Pump, Sea Water Cooling, Ballast Water Management, Three Phase Inverter, SVPWM, Variable Frequency Drive, Green Technology and Energy Saving.
Keywords: MARPOL, Centrifugal Pump, Sea Water Cooling, Ballast Water Management, Three Phase Inverter, SVPWM, Variable Frequency Drive, Green Technology and Energy Saving.
Abstract
Application of Chaos Theory for Power Quality Improvement
Mr. Rahul S. Bhagat, Mr. Mahesh Meena
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2015.31107
Abstract: In a power system, active filter are used to improve the electrical power quality by providing either the necessary voltage signals to cancel the voltage disturbances added to the 50Hz sine wave (voltage or series active filter), or the necessary harmonic currents that nonlinear loads demand (current or shunt active filter). Due to the switching operation of the active filter, the corresponding equations, based on the equivalent electrical circuits, are nonlinear with time-varying associated parameters. This work searches the feasibility of a dynamic analysis for active filter, basically Shunt active filter (current active filter) based on Chaos Theory, since this theory yields information about bounded regions having a non-periodic performance. The operation ranges for the shunt active filter before chaos occurring were found under the action of p-q theory based controllers, justifying the superiority of the latter. A novel methodology has been presented, based on chaos theory and Poincare diagrams, to determine the dynamic analysis of Shunt Active Filter (SAF). Which will give the well idea about the value of harmonic's amplitude produced a chaotic motion in SAF.
Keywords: Power quality, active filter, nonlinear system, harmonic compensation
Keywords: Power quality, active filter, nonlinear system, harmonic compensation
Abstract
Soft Computing Based Controllers for a Humidification Process
Sivaranjini.R, Venkatesh.S
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2015.31108
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to implement controllers based on soft computing techniques for a non-linear process. The process taken up for study is to control the humidity in the system. The system identification of this nonlinear process is done and found to be First Order plus Dead Time (FOPDT) model. Then the controller tuning strategy has been applied using IMC tuning method. The soft computing based controller like ANFIS has been implemented and compared with conventional PID tuning method. From the results it is proved that the controllers implemented using soft computing technique out performs the conventional controller.
Keywords: Humidity; FOPDT; IMC; ANFIS.
Keywords: Humidity; FOPDT; IMC; ANFIS.
Abstract
Advanced Control of Grid Interfacing Inverter
Mr. Prince A Basheer, Mr. Rahul Charles C M, Ms. Anju Jacob
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2015.31109
Abstract: Distributed Power generation Systems (DPGSs) integrate different power plants in to a unit. DPGSs based on renewable energy sources experience a large development worldwide. The excessive use of power electronics and nonlinear loads lead to power quality problems. Effects of poor power quality like sag, swell, distortion in waveform, harmonics, reactive power generation has affected both grid as well as utility sectors. The control of distributed generation systems should be improved to meet the requirements for grid interconnection. In this thesis, Photo Voltaic (PV) panel, Fuel Stack & Wind Energy system are integrated to the three phase four wire distribution system. Renewable energy resources (RES) are connected to the grid through a grid interfacing inverter for power quality improvement. Here the control is done by the grid interfacing inverter using PI controller and PWM technique. The grid interfacing inverter can act as an active shunt filter where it can transfer active power to the grid and can mitigate the load current harmonics and supply the load reactive power demand. The source side power factor is improved and voltage sag is eliminated. Total Harmonic Distortion of the grid connected system is analysed. The analysis is used to predict the behaviour of grid connected distributed power generation systems.
Keywords: Distributed Generation (DG), Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), Point of Common Coupling (PCC), Power Quality (PQ). Renewable Energy Sources (RES).
Keywords: Distributed Generation (DG), Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), Point of Common Coupling (PCC), Power Quality (PQ). Renewable Energy Sources (RES).
Abstract
Topologies for Voltage Sag & Swell Compensation by Dynamic Voltage Restorer
Sagar P. Joshi, Paresh J. Shah
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2015.31110
Abstract: Power quality has become a considerable issue in modern electrical power system. The extensive use of non linear load has increased the power quality problems such as stability of voltage. The voltage sags & swells affect the sensitive loads by nuisance tripping of fast acting relays. In order to overcome this power quality problem, dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is used. The DVR injects the required amount of voltage that is necessary to maintain the system voltage stability during sags & swells. This paper describes the basic topologies for use of DVR depending up on its location in the power system.
Keywords: Dynamic Voltage Restorer, Voltage Sag, Voltage Injection Methods, Control Strategies.
Keywords: Dynamic Voltage Restorer, Voltage Sag, Voltage Injection Methods, Control Strategies.
Abstract
Offshore Wind Farms with Low Frequency AC Transmission Connection to the Main Grid
Padala Lakshmi, Shaik Hussain Vali, Asapu Siva
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2015.31111
Abstract: This paper presents an Offshore Wind Farms with Low Frequency AC Transmission Connection to the Main Grid. In present years the electricity produced from wind has grown rapidly. Offshore wind farm is currently seen as a promising solution to satisfy the growing demand for renewable energy source. The main reasons for the rapid development of offshore wind farms includes much better wind resources and smaller environmental impact. The possible solutions for transmitting power from wind farms are HVAC, Line commutated HVDC and Voltage source based HVDC (VSC-HVDC). The limitations of both the HVAC and HVDC technologies when applied for far offshore wind farm connection Low Frequency AC (LFAC) transmission system is a new and alternating solution. In LFAC systems, an intermediate-frequency level is used, which is created using a cycloconverter that lowers the grid frequency to a smaller value, typically to one-third its value. For interconnecting the offshore wind farms with Low Frequency AC (LFAC) transmission system for improving the transmission capability and distance compared to the conventional AC solution at the nominal frequency, e.g.50Hz or 60Hz. The dc collecting system with series connected wind turbines are used at the offshore to reduce the cabling requirement. The wind power plant collection system is dc based, and connects to the LFAC transmission line with a 48-pulse converter. The output waveforms are observed in MATLAB.
Keywords: Power transmission, wind energy, thyristor converters, low frequency AC (LFAC), cycloconverter.
Keywords: Power transmission, wind energy, thyristor converters, low frequency AC (LFAC), cycloconverter.
Abstract
Tampering Detection of Domestic Load by GSM
M.V. Bhatkar, S.A .Thete
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2015.31112
Abstract: This paper presents a single phase digital energy meter based on a microcontroller. This digital meter does not have any rotating parts, and the energy consumption can be easily read from a digital display also at remote place it is easily possible to check energy consumption and tampering detection by using GSM technology. When supply wills cut-off, the meter will restart with the stored value. Today energy theft is a worldwide problem that contributes heavily to revenue losses. Consumers have been found manipulating their electric meters; try to make them stop, or even bypassing the meter, effectively using power without paying for it. This energy meter can detect tampering in an energy meter by using microcontroller and provide there details at remote location.
Keywords: Tampering Detection, GSM Technology, microcontroller, RMR (Remote Meter Reading).
Keywords: Tampering Detection, GSM Technology, microcontroller, RMR (Remote Meter Reading).
Abstract
Energy Efficient Mobile Element Based Data Gathering in Wireless Sensor Networks
Mr. P. Shanmugam, Ms. S. Jayanthi, Dr. J. Raja, Ms. R. Nusrath
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2015.31113
Abstract: In recent years, Data Gathering plays an important role in wireless sensor network. The data can be gathered using two methods. First, Static Sink can be used to collect data from sensors and routed to mobile station via multi hop communication. This increases the delay and consumes high energy. To avoid this problem, a mobile element based data gathering is introduced. The ME has a shortest path and it can move along the path and collects data from sensors and passes the data to the Mobile station. This reduces the delay but ME depletes its energy often. To reduce the consumption of energy, Energy Efficient mobile element based data gathering using Tinybee is proposed. In this method, the tinybees are dispatched from the mobile element and comes back to the ME with aggregated data. So, the movement of ME is reduced. Thus it reduces the tour length of the ME and energy can be efficiently utilized. This proposed method achieves the energy efficiency to an acceptable level.
Keywords: Wireless sensor Networks, Tinybee, Mobile Element
Keywords: Wireless sensor Networks, Tinybee, Mobile Element
Abstract
Design, Tuning and Analysis of a Robust PID Controller for FOPTD Unstable Systems with Uncertainty in the Process Model Parameters
Vivek B. Patil, Prof Dr. Dilip K. Maghade
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2015.31114
Abstract: In this paper, extensive simulations are performed on the FOPTD Unstable systems having uncertain process model parameters (i.e process gain (Kp), time constant ( τ ) and dead time (td), in order to design a robust PI/PID controller with better disturbance rejection and servo response, without compromising the robust performance (Robust stability) of the system. A simple PI/PID controller design and tuning method is described and compared from the point of view of the control system robustness for the First order plus time delay (FOPTD) process. For FOPTD Un-stable systems, the step responses obtained by the proposed method when uncertainty in the process model parameters exist, are compared to the responses obtained by Visioli [3], IMC(Wang/Hang)[5] and Huang-Chen [2] methods. The Proposed controller settings give a robust performance for uncertainty in model parameters. The performance of PID tuning techniques is analyzed and compared on basis of minimization of error and transient response specifications. A theoretical analysis of robustness and stability of the proposed controller is done using Kharitonov’s theorem (Barmish) [4] to validate the simulation results obtained using MATLAB/SIMULINK.
Keywords: PI/PID, FOPTD systems, Robustness, Uncertainty, Kharitonov’s theorem.
Keywords: PI/PID, FOPTD systems, Robustness, Uncertainty, Kharitonov’s theorem.
Abstract
IPSO Algorithm for Maximization of System Loadability, Voltage Stability and Loss Minimisation by Optimal DG Placement
N. Prema Kumar, K. Mercy Rosalina
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2015.31115
Abstract: Under constantly increased electricity demands and power transactions, it is becoming more essential to enhance the system loadability of existing distribution networks such that more power transfers can be accommodated with less network expansion cost. Instead of building new distribution substations or lines, proper installation of distribution generation units can make the distribution networks accommodate more power transfers with less expansion cost. In this paper, the problem to maximize power system loadability by optimally installing DG units is formulated as an optimization problem. To reduce the complexity of the problem, the locations suitable for DG installations are first investigated with multi objective optimisation based on inertia weighted particle swam optimisation (IPSO) method with power loss index (PLI) and voltage stability index (VSI). The size of the DG is to be installed is determined from the standard analytical methods. The proposed IPSO algorithms is tested on two standard test systems, i.e. 33-, and 69- bus radial distribution systems. The proposed algorithms has been implemented using MATLAB R2010a running on Intel Core 2 Duo processor 2.93 GHz, 1.96 GB of RAM. All evaluations were carried out with self developed MATLAB codes.
Keywords: Distributed generation, Power loss index (PLI), Voltage stability index (VSI), System loadability, IPSO.
Keywords: Distributed generation, Power loss index (PLI), Voltage stability index (VSI), System loadability, IPSO.
Abstract
Extraction of Solar Cell Modelling Parameters Using Differential Evolution Algorithm
Rituraj Tamrakar, Archana Gupta
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2015.31116
Abstract: Energy from the sun is the best option for electricity generation as it is abundantly available everywhere and sustainable source. Advance of Photovoltaic (PV) technology in recent years has made solar energy one of the practical alternative energy sources available in the energy market. In order to make the PV energy more affordable and cost effective, major focus of the research community and industry is improvement on power efficiency of PV systems. Parameter extraction of solar cell plays a crucial role in the simulation and design calculation of PV system. In this paper, in order to fast and accurately extract the solar cell parameters, differential evolution (DE) is proposed. The single diode and double diode model of solar cell is used as the basis for the extraction problem. The analysis carried out using current-voltage (I-V) characteristics showed that the proposed DE outperforms other methods, namely the genetic algorithm (GA) and partical swarm optimization (PSO).
Keywords: Solar cell models, parameter extraction, Differential evolution, Genetic algorithm, Particle swarm optimization.
Keywords: Solar cell models, parameter extraction, Differential evolution, Genetic algorithm, Particle swarm optimization.
Abstract
Enhancement of Transfer Capability in a deregulated environment using TCSC under contingency
M Venkateswara Rao, Sirigiri Sivanagaraju
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2015.31117
Abstract: Transfer capability is a key aspect to be taken care by both the power system operators and consumers. Since the load on the power system network increases day by day, the effective utilization of power transmission network is a major criterion to be concentrated in power system network operations. In this paper there are two aspects considered to understand the security of network. Initially the performance of the network is analyzed under contingency condition and later the system performance is also analyzed with the usage of the series FACTS device i.e. TCSC. The methodology is tested in IEEE-30 bus test system.
Keywords: ATC; Bi-lateral Transaction; ACPTDF; contingency analysis; Power Injection model of TCSC.
Keywords: ATC; Bi-lateral Transaction; ACPTDF; contingency analysis; Power Injection model of TCSC.
Abstract
Post-processing of “Pulse code modulation” encoder output to downtick bit rates for voice transmission
M.Sravan Reddy, Dr.D.Vishnuvardhan
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2015.31118
Abstract: This paper presents a technique for Post-processing of the digital output obtained by encoding an analog voice signal using an 8-bit Pulse code modulation (PCM) encoder sampled at 8 KHz, to decrease the bit rate from 64 Kbps to 56 Kbps without decreasing the number of encoding levels or sampling frequency. Further, the paper the adavantages of such reduction in practical applications is discussed in detail. It is observed that using the proposed technique there is a reduction in bit rate by 12% approximately and the number of voice calls a channel of given bandwidth can support is increased by around 15%.
Keywords: Voice, Coding, Channel bandwidth, bit rates.
Keywords: Voice, Coding, Channel bandwidth, bit rates.
Abstract
A Comparative Study of SRAM Cells
Vishwas B V, Chinmaye R
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2015.31119
Abstract: This paper discusses seven variants of SRAM Cells that are most commonly used in present electronic circuits. A comparison with respect to number of transistors, average delay, average rise/fall time, peak power and average power is drawn at the end of this paper.
Keywords: SRAM, Low Power VLSI, 6T SRAM, SRAM Working, Memory.
Keywords: SRAM, Low Power VLSI, 6T SRAM, SRAM Working, Memory.
Abstract
Design of Self Governing Renewable Energy Residential System by Using Optimization Techniques
G.Vara Lakshmi, V.Usha Reddy
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2015.31120
Abstract: From past ten years, these self governing residential renewable systems are widely used, especially in rural areas, in isolated areas and archipelagos, the proper design of any renewable energy system and the congeniality of its power quality parameters with IEEE, NEMA and IEC standards are critical for virtuous and thrifty self governing function of the system .To this way, the crucial parameters of a self governing residential renewable systems are appropriately resolved by using Genetic Algorithm and Differential Evolution optimization techniques then design parameters are designed and compared with these two techniques. It is observed from the results that the Differential Evolution algorithm consistently outperforms the GA in terms of both efficiency and the solution quality.
Keywords: Differential Evolution, Genetic Algorithm, Photovoltaic Cell, Maximum Power Point Tracking, Inverter.
Keywords: Differential Evolution, Genetic Algorithm, Photovoltaic Cell, Maximum Power Point Tracking, Inverter.
Abstract
Optimal Placement of DSTATCOM in Radial Distribution System using Fuzzy and Penguins Search Optimization Algorithm
K Subbarami Reddy, V Usha Reddy
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2015.31121
Abstract: This paper proposes a hybrid methodology to identify the optimal location and sizing for distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) placement as a distribution flexible ac transmission system (DFACT) device in a distribution system, by using fuzzy and Penguins search optimization algorithm (PeSOA). The main purpose is to reduce the power loss and to improve the voltage profile of distribution networks. The PeSOA is meta-heauristic search method inspired from the hunting strategy of penguins. Here fuzzy is used for finding the optimal location and PeSOA is used to find the size of DSTATCOM in radial distribution networks. The feasibility and satisfying performance of the proposed method is examined on the IEEE 33-bus and 69-bus distribution system.
Keywords: DSTATCOM, radial distribution system, , optimal placement, fuzzy approach, PeSOA.
Keywords: DSTATCOM, radial distribution system, , optimal placement, fuzzy approach, PeSOA.
Abstract
Performance Evaluation of PFC Boost Converters
Mohammed Asim, Heena Parveen, Dr. M. A. Mallick, Ambreen Siddiqui
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2015.31122
Abstract: The use of electronic equipment has increased in last few years. Therefore there is an immense need to ensure that the line current harmonics of any equipment connected to AC main line is limited to comply the regulatory standard. This requirement is satisfied by introducing some form of Power factor Correction (PFC) techniques to make the input current sinusoidal and reduce the harmonics. In this paper, a systematic review of power factor correction (PFC) boost rectifiers is presented. Performance comparison of conventional PFC boost rectifier at different duty ratio and voltages are shown and their efficiency is calculated.
Keywords: Power factor Correction (PFC), Efficiency, Active and Passive PFC, Boost Converter
Keywords: Power factor Correction (PFC), Efficiency, Active and Passive PFC, Boost Converter
Abstract
Phase Angle Control Method of Speed Control of Single Phase Induction Motor
M. Narayanan, R. Vidhya, P.Yuvaraj
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2015.31123
Abstract: The study of power electronic converters is vital to gain knowledge on Variable Speed Drives or Energy Efficient Drives. Induction motors are the load which contributes to about 70% of total loads used in the world. Variable speed drives are employed for industrial processes and in many applications. In this paper ac – ac voltage controller is used to vary the input voltage to control the speed of the induction motor. The effect of harmonics and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is also studied in this paper.
Keywords: AC – AC voltage controller, Phase Angle Control, Capacitor start induction motor, Total Harmonic Distortion.
Keywords: AC – AC voltage controller, Phase Angle Control, Capacitor start induction motor, Total Harmonic Distortion.
Abstract
A Fuzzy Logic based Sensorless Speed Control of DTC-SVM of an Induction Motor using EKF
Sk.Roohi Apsha, J.N.Chandrasekhar
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2015.31124
Abstract: This paper presents the real-time implementation of a bi input extended Kalman filter (EKF) (BI-EKF)- based estimator in order to overcome the simultaneous estimation problem of the variations in stator resistance Rs and rotor resistance Rr aside from the load torque tL and all states required for the speed-sensorless control of induction motors (IMs) in the wide speed range Performance of the proposed technique is assessed under challenging stator and rotor resistance variation using matlab/simulink. Superior performance has been obtained using the fuzzy logic adaptation mechanisms .The proposed robust-intelligent controller improves the low speed performance, the torque and the flux ripple and its dynamic performance of the induction machine as those used in tractions, as they require good torque control performance at considerably lower frequency. A novel stator resistance estimator is proposed. The estimation method is implemented using the Extended Kalman Filter. Finally, extensive simulation results are presented to validate the proposed technique.
Keywords: Fuzzy control, Induction motors, DTC-SVM,EKF.
Keywords: Fuzzy control, Induction motors, DTC-SVM,EKF.
Abstract
Edge Detection (Image Processing) Smart Traffic Control
Brinda.R. B, Namratha Venkatesh Murthy, B. M. Ramya, Faculty Advisor: Dr. Vijaya Prakash A M
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2015.31127
Abstract: The frequent traffic jams at major junctions call for an efficient traffic management system in place [1,2].The resulting wastage of time and increase in pollution levels can be eliminated on a city-wide scale by these systems [2]. The paper proposes to implement a smart traffic controller using real time image processing. The image sequences from a camera are analyzed using various edge detection Algorithms and object counting methods. Subsequently, the number of vehicles at the intersection is evaluated and traffic is efficiently managed [7]. The paper also proposes to implement a real- time emergency vehicle detection system. In case an emergency vehicle is detected, the lane is given priority over all the others [5].
Keywords: Image Processing, Smart Traffic Control, Edge Detection, Real- Time Emergency.
Keywords: Image Processing, Smart Traffic Control, Edge Detection, Real- Time Emergency.
Abstract
High Frequency Circuits and Systems For Imaging
Rajesh U
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2015.31128
Abstract: Many consider high frequency ultrasonic imaging to be the next frontier in ultrasound. It has a wide range of clinical applications, from imaging the eye and skin to imaging small animals. Small animal imaging has recently attracted a lot of attention for testing the efficacy of drugs and gene therapy. Commercial high frequency scanners, also known as "ultrasonic biomicroscopes," or UBMs, all use mechanically scanned single element transducers with frequencies ranging from 30 to 60 MHz and frame rates of 30 frames per second or less. High frequency linear arrays and imaging systems in the 20-50 MHz range have been developed to address problems with UBMs such as mechanical motion and fixed focusing. Current efforts in the development of high frequency ultrasonic imaging will be reviewed in this paper, and potential biomedical applications will be discussed.
Keywords: high-frequency ultrasound transducer; pre-matching circuit; ultrasound instrument
Keywords: high-frequency ultrasound transducer; pre-matching circuit; ultrasound instrument