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VOLUME 2, ISSUE 4, APRIL 2014
Fopid Implementation for Industrial Process
C.SURYAPRAKASH, J.M.KISHORELAL, U.GURURAGAVAN, S.GOKULAN, AJITH.B.SINGH
Cyber Espionage Malware and Defensive Measures for Industrial SCADA security
P.SAI KRISHNA, ARSHAD SHAIK, MOHAMMED TASHKEEL SHAAZ
Noise Modelling of Atmospheric Radar Data using Empirical Mode Decomposition
UMA MAHESWARA RAO D, T. SREENIVASULU REDDY, G. RAMACHANDRA REDDY
Cascaded Boost Converter for PV Applications
MERINGEORGE, PRASITHA PRAKASH, SHILPA GEORGE, SUSAN ELDO, ANNAI RAINA
Integral Control AGC of Interconnected Power Systems Using Area Control Errors Based On Tie Line Power Biasing
CHARUDATTA B.BANGAL
FPGA Based Implementation of Data Compression using Dictionary based “LZW”Algorithm
MS. AGRAWAL AROHI K, PROF. V.S.KULKARNI
Identification of Weak Bus and Voltage Stability Enhancement
NAYAN N.PANDYA, HEMANT I.JOSHI, BHAVIK N.SUTHAR
Design of Wideband Digital Differentiator Using FIR Approximation
JAYALAXMI DEVATE, S.Y.KULKARNI, K.R.PAI
Design of Three Phase PWM Voltage Source Inverter For Photovoltaic Application
BANDANA BHUTIA, DR. S.M.ALI, NARAYAN TIADI
Implementation of Huffman Image Compression And Decompression Algorithm
SHARAN KUMAR, DR.JAYADEVAPPA, SANTOSH.D.BHOPALE, RADHIKA R.NAIK
Performance of Digital filters for noise removal from ECG signals in Time domain
SMITA KASAR, ABBHILASHA MISHRA, MADHURI JOSHI
Phase Locked Loop using VLSI Technology For Wireless Communication
CHAITALI P.CHARJAN, ASSO. PROF. ATUL S.JOSHI
Efficient Segmentation using Region Growing and Lossless Compression of Medical Image using MSPIHT method in Telemedicine Application
S.SATHIYA LAKSHMI, VANITHA LAKSHMI.M, K.MURALI KRISHNA, SUBRAM.S.N
Comparative Analysis of scalar & vector control of Induction motor through Modeling & Simulation
PABITRA KUMAR BEHERA, MANOJ KUMAR BEHERA, AMIT KUMAR SAHOO
Abstract
Fopid Implementation for Industrial Process
C.SURYAPRAKASH, J.M.KISHORELAL, U.GURURAGAVAN, S.GOKULAN, AJITH.B.SINGH
Abstract: Now a day’s controlling Industrial Processes are very tedious one when considering the disturbances and delays. Industries have employed PID control for the processes and are trying to improve the performance of the process. Even then there are still some drawbacks in the performance of these controllers. Here in this paper we have proposed the fractional order PID for an industrial process. In Normal PID, the controllers current value of the state x (t+1) is depends upon the previous value x (t).In FOPID, the controller current value of the state x (t+1) depends upon all the previous state values. Fractional order PID has shown better results when comparing to integer PID’s in recent days. We are implementing the FOPID for the process and compare the results with Integer PID controller. Industrial data is collected, Collected data is fitted to the transfer function model set of the various parametric system identification models. The simulation is performed in MATLAB environment using System Identification toolbox. We have found the model of the process using this system identification tool and it is almost identical to the ideal model of the plant. The model identification process is used here to identify the system’s nature using identification in the process; and then a proper controller has to be implemented to control the process variable. So we have Implemented Conventional PID and FOPID and their performances were analyzed for the Kiln process.
Keywords: Process control; nonlinear dynamics; nonlinear process control; System identification process; fractional order; mat lab.
Keywords: Process control; nonlinear dynamics; nonlinear process control; System identification process; fractional order; mat lab.
Abstract
Cyber Espionage Malware and Defensive Measures for Industrial SCADA security
P.SAI KRISHNA, ARSHAD SHAIK, MOHAMMED TASHKEEL SHAAZ
Abstract: Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems are deeply implanted and used in the areas of critical infrastructure sectors and related environments. These computerized real-time process control systems, over geographically dispersed continuous distribution operations, are increasingly subject to serious damage and disruption by cyber means due to their standardization and connectivity to other networks. SCADA systems generally have little protection from the escalating cyber threats. In order to understand the potential danger and to protect SCADA systems, in this paper, we present a unique possible threat in the form of a malware and its countermeasures implemented on flow control system monitored by SCADA in the laboratory. We have attempted to demonstrate the vulnerability of SCADA systems to such threats and have focused more on the defensive measures and methods that are need of the day to prevent such attacks in process automation and control sectors.
Keywords: SCADA security, Instrumentation & control systems (ICS), Cyber espionage, malware, HMI (Human Machine Interface), Defensive methodologies, Intrusion Detection and Prevention System (IDPS)
Keywords: SCADA security, Instrumentation & control systems (ICS), Cyber espionage, malware, HMI (Human Machine Interface), Defensive methodologies, Intrusion Detection and Prevention System (IDPS)
Abstract
Noise Modelling of Atmospheric Radar Data using Empirical Mode Decomposition
UMA MAHESWARA RAO D, T. SREENIVASULU REDDY, G. RAMACHANDRA REDDY
Abstract: In this paper, we model the noise present in middle and upper layers of the atmosphere for the data collected from the Indian MST Radar. People carry out their analysis assuming that the noise is Gaussian and in fact, in most of the scenarios, the noise is Gaussian. There is a much chance of getting inaccurate results if it is not. Gaussianity tests namely Autocorrelation (AC) and Power Spectral Density (PSD) tests are conducted to find whether the noise is Gaussian or not. In non-Gaussian cases, further analysis is carried out using Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD). Once the exact type of noise contained in the data is known, specific denoising techniques can be applied so as to get better results. We develop the energy models of various noise distributions using EMD, test on random sequences, exponentials and derive the characteristics under various environments. Finally, the developed models are compared with the models obtained with the radar data and noise characterization is done.
Keywords: MST Radar, Noise Modelling, Wavelet Based Denoising, Principal Component Analysis, Gaussianity tests, Empirical Mode Decomposition, Intrinsic Mode Function
Keywords: MST Radar, Noise Modelling, Wavelet Based Denoising, Principal Component Analysis, Gaussianity tests, Empirical Mode Decomposition, Intrinsic Mode Function
Abstract
Cascaded Boost Converter for PV Applications
MERINGEORGE, PRASITHA PRAKASH, SHILPA GEORGE, SUSAN ELDO, ANNAI RAINA
Abstract: Among renewable energy sources, solar power has the potential to become one of the main contributors to the future electricity supply. Low voltage photovoltaic systems require a high voltage gain converter for module’s grid connection through a DC-AC inverter. This paper proposes a converter that achieves a high step-up voltage conversion ratio, which contains a coupled inductor, without extreme duty ratios and numerous turns-ratio; the leakage inductor energy of the coupled inductor is efficiently recycled to the load. Also, switch of the converter isolates energy from the PV panel when the ac module is off. This particular design protects installers and users from electrical hazards. These features explain module’s high efficiency performance. A 15V input voltage, 200V output voltage, and 100W output power circuit of the proposed converter has been implemented. MATLAB is used for the study.
Keywords: AC module, coupled inductor, high step-up voltage gain, microinverter, maximum power point (MPP).
Keywords: AC module, coupled inductor, high step-up voltage gain, microinverter, maximum power point (MPP).
Abstract
Integral Control AGC of Interconnected Power Systems Using Area Control Errors Based On Tie Line Power Biasing
CHARUDATTA B.BANGAL
Abstract: The following work is to propose a new method of defining the area control error for implementing integral control AGC scheme for an interconnected power system. Conventionally, the area frequency deviations are biased with a parameter „Frequency Bias (B)‟ and added to tie line power deviation to compose the area control errors. However, deciding a suitable value of „B‟ has been a crucial and debatable issue over years. Many researchers have proposed different ways of deciding „most appropriate‟ value of B for a given system. In the proposed method, the tie line power deviation is biased with regulation „R‟ and added to frequency deviations to compose the area control errors. Exhaustive simulations and investigations have been carried out on models of interconnected power systems with the proposed method and the results have been compared with that of the conventional method. The present discussion and remarks are not for challenging the usefulness of the conventional method, however, efforts have been made to show that, the proposed method can give better results and it can have some additional advantages over the conventional method. Further, this method is quite simple to adopt. The present investigations have been kept limited to the aspects such as magnitude of excursions, transients & settling time. The proposed method is found to give satisfactory performance at various combinations of governor regulation, prevailing loading condition & simultaneous load perturbations. A simple two area thermal (non-reheat) interconnected power system is used to demonstrate the proposed method. Further investigations on the proposed method for any other aspects are open for the researchers to strengthen the scope of the present method and to explore its hidden merits.
Keywords: Interconnected Power Systems, Automatic Generation Control, Area Control Error, Area Frequency Response Characteristic, Frequency Bias.
Keywords: Interconnected Power Systems, Automatic Generation Control, Area Control Error, Area Frequency Response Characteristic, Frequency Bias.
Abstract
Bandwidth enhancement of inverting amplifier using composite CFOA block
DATTAGURU V.KAMATH
Abstract: In this paper, an active compensation method using two current feedback operational amplifiers (CFOAs) to enhance the bandwidth of finite gain inverting voltage amplifier for use as stand-alone amplifier is presented. It is also shown that the inexpensive passive compensation technique can be applied to composite CFOA based amplifier to improve the phase response in addition to bandwidth enhancement. The proposed circuits require one additional CFOA/ capacitor. The effect of finite output impedance at z terminal, input resistance at x terminal and current mirror pole of the CFOA is considered in the analysis. The proposed circuits have been simulated in PSPICE using a behavioral macro-model of the CFOA as well as that of a practical CFOA AD 844.
Keywords: Passive compensation; Current-feedback op-amp (CFOA); Active compensation
Keywords: Passive compensation; Current-feedback op-amp (CFOA); Active compensation
Abstract
FPGA Based Implementation of Data Compression using Dictionary based “LZW”Algorithm
MS. AGRAWAL AROHI K, PROF. V.S.KULKARNI
Abstract: Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology has become a viable target for the implementation of algorithms in different compression methods applications. In a distributed environment, large data files remain a major bottleneck. Compression is an important component of the solutions available for creating file sizes of manageable and transmittable dimensions. When high-speed media or channels are used, high-speed data compression is desired. Software implementations are often not fast enough. In this paper, we present the very high speed hardware description language (VHDL) modeling environment of Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) algorithm for binary data compression to ease the description, verification, simulation and hardware realization. The LZW algorithm for binary data compression comprises of two modules compressor and decompressor. The input of compressor is 1-bit bit stream read in according to the clock cycle. The output is an 8-bit integer stream fed into the decompressor, which is an index that represents the memory location of the bit string stored in the dictionary. In this paper, data compression technique is described using Lempel-Ziv-Welch algorithm. Software reference model for data compression using LZW has been modelled in MATLAB/ Simulink.
Keywords: Binary Data Compression, LZW, Lossless data compression, VHDL Simulation.
Keywords: Binary Data Compression, LZW, Lossless data compression, VHDL Simulation.
Abstract
Design of High speed, Low Power Pipelined ADC
JYOTISHMAN DAS, RAJENDRA PRASAD
Abstract: An 8-bit pipelined analog-to digital converter (ADC) is designed in this paper. The pipelined architecture realizes the high-speed and high-resolution . To reduce some complexities of flash ADC pipeline ADC is used. The calibration schemes of pipelined ADC limit absolute and relative accuracy. Deviations in residue amplifier gain results due to low intrinsic gain of transistors, and mismatching between all the capacitors of capacitance 1pF result in both deviations in residue amplifier gain and DAC nonlinearity in a pipelined ADC.
Keywords: Comparator, Folded Opamp, SUB-ADC,MDAC, Digital Error Correction block(DEC), Time Alignment Block
Keywords: Comparator, Folded Opamp, SUB-ADC,MDAC, Digital Error Correction block(DEC), Time Alignment Block
Abstract
Identification of Weak Bus and Voltage Stability Enhancement
NAYAN N.PANDYA, HEMANT I.JOSHI, BHAVIK N.SUTHAR
Abstract: This paper describes sensitivity indicator method to identify weakest bus of the system. It also describes method of calculating the amount of reactive power to be injected at the load bus to avert the voltage instability as the load on the load bus increases. In this paper IEEE-57 BUS system has been considered. First, the weakest bus is identified using sensitivity indicator method. Then Load flow analysis is performed using the Newton-Raphson (N-R) method. When load flow doesn’t converge after the demand has increased on a bus then it indicates that it requires reactive power compensation on that bus. The Additional capacitor that needs to be switched on is computed by an iterative procedure. Thereafter, in the actual usage, based upon the computed Table, given any load one may determine the level of compensation required to avert voltage collapse. By using Jacobian element additional compensation required to improve the bus voltage can be determined.
Keywords: weak bus, voltage instability, sensitivity indicator, load flow
Keywords: weak bus, voltage instability, sensitivity indicator, load flow
Abstract
Design of Wideband Digital Differentiator Using FIR Approximation
JAYALAXMI DEVATE, S.Y.KULKARNI, K.R.PAI
Abstract: An ideal differentiator has a frequency response that is linearly proportional to frequency. Full Wideband differentiator has an anti-symmetric unit sample response. FIR approximations are preferred to IIR because of the stability and linear phase response offered. In this paper we consider the design of an FIR differentiator based on frequency sampling technique.
Keywords: Differentiator, FIR, Frequency Sampling, Linear phase, Magnitude Response.
Keywords: Differentiator, FIR, Frequency Sampling, Linear phase, Magnitude Response.
Abstract
A Complete Analysis of the Performance of Extended Kalman Filter for the State Estimation of Three Phase Induction Motor
G.DEVI
Abstract: In this paper the author have designed and implemented an Extended Kalman filter (EKF) on the simulated model of the three-phase induction motor. An extensive simulation study has been carried out to asses the performances of the filter under various machine operating conditions and model uncertainties. In this work, it has been shown that the performance of EKF is found to be better under normal operating conditions and Initial condition mismatch, loading the machine as well as speed reversal. Here performance of the filter is analyzed as a measure of Mean Square Error.
Keywords: EKF, Induction Motor, State Estimation. Mean square error
Keywords: EKF, Induction Motor, State Estimation. Mean square error
Abstract
Design of Three Phase PWM Voltage Source Inverter For Photovoltaic Application
BANDANA BHUTIA, DR. S.M.ALI, NARAYAN TIADI
Abstract: This paper presents the three phase DC-AC inverter mainly used in high power application such as induction motor, air-conditioner and ventilation fans, in industries in solar power plants. The three phase inverters re commonly used to supply three-phase loads by means of separate single-phase inverters. It is a voltage controller. This model mainly demonstrates a DC-AC converter. The three leg MOSFET operated inverter is constructed. It can be used to demonstrate the relationship of input DC, modulation index, filter selection and switching frequency third harmonic injection features. The simulation results has been carried out by MATLAB/ simulink.
Keywords: DC-AC converter, VSI, LC filter, Three phase bridge converter, 3 leg MOSFET.
Keywords: DC-AC converter, VSI, LC filter, Three phase bridge converter, 3 leg MOSFET.
Abstract
RISC Processor Design in VLSI Technology Using the Pipeline Technique
RAKESH M.R
Abstract: This paper presents the design and implementation of a pipelined 9-bit RISC Processor. The various blocks include the Fetch, Decode, Execute and Store result to implement 4 stage pipelining. Harvard Architecture is used which has distinct program memory space and data memory space. The only load and store is used to communicate with data memory. RISC using pipeline makes CPI as 1 and improves speed of execution. Verilog Language is used for coding purpose. The proposed architecture is then simulated using Modelsim.
Keywords: RISC features, Pipelining, ALU, Booth multiplier, Barrel shifterI
Keywords: RISC features, Pipelining, ALU, Booth multiplier, Barrel shifterI
Abstract
Implementation of Huffman Image Compression And Decompression Algorithm
SHARAN KUMAR, DR.JAYADEVAPPA, SANTOSH.D.BHOPALE, RADHIKA R.NAIK
Abstract: Compression is used about everywhere. Images are very important documents nowadays; to work with them in some applications they need to be compressed, more or less depending on the purpose of the application. There are various algorithms that performs this compression in different ways; some are lossless and keep the same information as the original image, some others loss information when compressing the image. In this paper I have been working with Huffman lossless compression algorithms for different grayscale images. I have seen how well the different format work for each of the images. The compression ratio (CR) and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) are obtained for different images.
Keywords: Lossless compression; compression ratio (CR); peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR)
Keywords: Lossless compression; compression ratio (CR); peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR)
Abstract
Performance of Digital filters for noise removal from ECG signals in Time domain
SMITA KASAR, ABBHILASHA MISHRA, MADHURI JOSHI
Abstract: Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the cheapest and noninvasive method of depicting the heart activity and abnormalities. It provides valuable information about the functional aspects of the heart and cardiovascular system. It is the record of variation of bioelectric potential with respect to time as the human heart beats. The classification of ECG signals is an important application since the early detection of heart diseases/abnormalities can prolong life and enhance the quality of living through appropriate treatment. Since the ECG signals, while recording are contaminated by several noises it is necessary to preprocess the signals prior to classification. The ECG signal can be processed in time domain as well as in frequency domain. Digital filters are used to remove noise from the signal. The present paper shows the performance of removal of noise like baseline wander and power line interference from the signal using Band Pass filter and Notch filter. The performance is tested on the Arrhythmia signals from MIT-BIH and Myocardial infarction signals from PTB Diagnostic database.
Keywords: ECG, Band pass filter, Notch filter, SNR
Keywords: ECG, Band pass filter, Notch filter, SNR
Abstract
Phase Locked Loop using VLSI Technology For Wireless Communication
CHAITALI P.CHARJAN, ASSO. PROF. ATUL S.JOSHI
Abstract: Literature survey of Phase Locked Loop reflects that many researchers have applied different techniques like digital and analog simulation by applying mathematical/logical relations to design the Phase Locked Loop (PLL). Researchers have undertaken different systems, processes or phenomena with regard to design and attempted to find the unknown parameters and analysed PLL. Since in the real world today VLSI/CMOS is in very much in demand, it is observed that very few researchers have undertaken the work for designing PLL using CMOS/VLSI technology. The PLL is designed using 45 nm CMOS/VLSI technology in microwind 3.1. The main novelties related to the 45 nm technology are the high-k gate oxide, metal gate and very low-k interconnect dielectric. The effective gate length required for 45 nm technology is 25nm.
Keywords: Phase locked loop (PLL), voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), 45nm technology, VLSI technology, low power
Keywords: Phase locked loop (PLL), voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), 45nm technology, VLSI technology, low power
Abstract
Efficient Segmentation using Region Growing and Lossless Compression of Medical Image using MSPIHT method in Telemedicine Application
S.SATHIYA LAKSHMI, VANITHA LAKSHMI.M, K.MURALI KRISHNA, SUBRAM.S.N
Abstract: Healthcare delivery systems and Telemedical applications will undergo a dramatic change due to the developments in technologies, mobile computing, medical sensors and communication techniques. Medical Images taken as X-ray, Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Ultra Sound and Computed Axial Tomography (CAT) will have medical information either in multi resolution or multidimensional form, this creates large amount of data. Due to this storage of data is become more complex. So compression is needed the one in image processing. Anyhow compression of medical data will leads to loss of information. In order to reduce this complexity, as well as preserve the medical data to be lossless for diagnostics purpose, this paper propose techniques called Region growing and Modified Set Partition In Hierarchical Tree (MSPIHT) will enhance the performance of lossless compression and also enhance the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Compression Ratio (CR) than the SPIHT coding method In this proposed method PSNR value is about 65 db for lossless compression and compression ratio is about 1%.
Keywords: SPIHT, MSPIHT, CR, PSNR, LZW, JPEG, DCT
Keywords: SPIHT, MSPIHT, CR, PSNR, LZW, JPEG, DCT
Abstract
Comparative Analysis of scalar & vector control of Induction motor through Modeling & Simulation
PABITRA KUMAR BEHERA, MANOJ KUMAR BEHERA, AMIT KUMAR SAHOO
Abstract: The main objective is implementation of scalar & vector control of three phase induction motor drives. Scalar control as the name indicates is due to magnitude variation of control variable only disregards any coupling effect in the induction machine. The scalar control is very simple method for controlling the speed of induction motor compared to the vector control which is more complex. Vector control is completely mathematical model on control of torque and speed of a three-phase indirect vector controlled induction motor drive. In this paper, an implementation of speed control of an induction motor (IM) using indirect vector control method has been developed and simulated. The comparative study of VCIM and conventional v/f control of IM is done this work. The VCIM drive involves decoupling of the stator current component which produces torque and flux of induction motor. It is seen that it provides smooth speed control and compared to v/f control. Finally comprise the result of scalar and vector control technique.
Keywords: Induction Motor, Mathematical Modeling, Electric Machine Simulation, Scalar & Vector Control.
Keywords: Induction Motor, Mathematical Modeling, Electric Machine Simulation, Scalar & Vector Control.