← Back to Archives
VOLUME 2, ISSUE 5, MAY 2014
Optical PreAmplifier (TIA) Design for High Speed Optical Communication with Optimized Performance
MAMTA RANI, DINESH KUMAR DHAKA
Classification of Satellite Images Based On SVM Classifier Using Genetic Algorithm
MOJE RAVINDRA K, PATIL CHANDRASHEKHAR G
Modelling, Simulation and Analysis of Doubly Fed Induction Generator for Wind Turbines
AMARENDRA SINGH, ER.PRATIBHA TIWARI
An improved method of automatic exudates detection in retinal image
MORIUM AKTER, ATIQUR RAHMAN, A.K.M.KAMRUL ISLAM
Analysis of Bit Error Rate of different M-ary PSK Modulation Schemes in AWGN Channel
KANGKAN THAKURIA, VIVEKANANDA, ABHIJYOTI GHOSH
Broadband Gap-Coupled Assembly of Patches Forming Elliptical Microstrip Patch Antenna for C- Band Applications
DHEERAJ BHARDWAJ, RAKSHIT JAIN, VIJAY SHARMA AND KOMAL SHARMA
An approach to a microcontroller based GPS controlled autonomous bus
SOURADEEP GANGULY, SHARMISTHA CHATTOPADHYAY, ADITYA NANDY, SHARMI SAHA, SANTANU BHAR
Design of area efficient chip layout of fractional N-phase locked loop using VLSI technology. A review
A. V. MANWATKAR, PROF. V. B.PADOLE
Low cost Wireless I/O’s using PLC, HMI & ZIGBEE
PROF. MR. V.B. KUMBHAR, PROF. MRS. S.S.BIDWAI, PROF. MR. A.R.NICHAL
Development of Graphical User Interface Load Flow Studies for Educational Research
MOHAMMAD NAYEEM A TAHASILDAR
Breast Cancer Detection And Classification In High Resolution Ultrasound Images
K.SUBASHINI, K.JEYANTHI
Novel Control Strategy For Grid-Connected PV System With Reactive Power Compensation And MPPT Control
AVDHOOTA TRIVEDI, ASST. PROF. FALGUNI BHAVSAR, ASST. PROF. AJAY BALAR
Evaluation and Comparison of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes and Copper as VLSI Interconnect
GURLEEN DHILLON, KARAMJIT SINGH
Enhancing Stability & Cost Reduction Of Multigrid System By UPFC
SIDDHARTH GUPTA, ER. VINAY KUMAR TRIPATHI
Data Communication Using HDLC Protocol
SHASHANK RAMPELLY, SANTHOSH RAO SERI, GNANESHWARA CHARY, KRISHANM RAJU
Crack detection in tiles based on hybrid technology of GA and MLP using Image Processing
MEHUL M. BARAIYA, DHAVAL S. PIPALIA
Face Recognition using PCA and Eigen Face Approach
PROF. ARJUN NICHAL, MS. HARSHALI JAGTAP, MS. SHITAL INGALE, MS. NAMRATA PATIL
Abstract
Performance of Feed on Dual Frequency Antenna in Ka-Band
SEKHAR M, SIDDAIAH P
Abstract: This paper presents a detailed explanation on performance of feed on a Microstrip circular patch antenna for dual frequency applications. The antenna operates at Ka-Band at 34.88GHz and 37.55GHz with an operational band width of 6.51GHz (32.79GHz to 39.30GHz). The antenna has been designed and simulated on an FR4 substrate with dielectric constant of 4.4 and thickness of 0.21 mm. The design is analysed by Finite Element Method based HFSS Simulator Software (version 14.0), the simulated results shown that the proposed antenna provides good performance in term of return loss and radiation pattern for dual frequency applications.
Keywords: Microstrip antenna, Ka-Band, Dual Frequency, HFSS, Return Loss.
Keywords: Microstrip antenna, Ka-Band, Dual Frequency, HFSS, Return Loss.
Abstract
Optical PreAmplifier (TIA) Design for High Speed Optical Communication with Optimized Performance
MAMTA RANI, DINESH KUMAR DHAKA
Abstract: In this paper, the bandwidth enhancement of TIA amplifier can be design for achieving the high information capacity which is used in optical fiber communication for existing transimpedance amplifiers in CMOS technology. The proposed TIA amplifier also trade-offs between gain, bandwidth, noise, and group delay variation with introduce on differential architecture along an RGC network as input and incorporating a feedback network and peaking inductors for bandwidth enhancement. The capacitive degeneration is also introduced to increase the number of zeros for better phase performance.
Keywords: Active feedback, bandwidth extension, broadband, induced gate noise, regulated cascode (RGC), transimpedance amplifier (TIA).
Keywords: Active feedback, bandwidth extension, broadband, induced gate noise, regulated cascode (RGC), transimpedance amplifier (TIA).
Abstract
Classification of Satellite Images Based On SVM Classifier Using Genetic Algorithm
MOJE RAVINDRA K, PATIL CHANDRASHEKHAR G
Abstract: Support vector machine (SVM) is originally developed for linear two-class classification via constructing an optimal separating hyper plane, where the margin is maximal. In case of not linearly separable training data, SVM is by means of kernel trick to map the original input space into a high dimensional feature space to enhance the classifier generalization ability. Genetic Algorithm (GA) is a stochastic and heuristic searching algorithm that is inspired by natural evolution. In the evolution, the candidate solutions are encoded to a group of strings (called chromosomes) by some kind of encoding method. Based on Darwin‟s principle of „survival of the fittest‟, the optimal candidate solution is obtained after a series of iterative GA computations. In each process of iteration (called generation), the GA consists of the elementary operation of Selection, Crossover and Mutation. In a GA, the fitness function is used to evaluate the quality of each individual comes out of the chromosomes. Individuals with high fitness are easier to be inherited to the next generation. By using GA along with SVM here we are trying to make classification of the objects such that it will be closer to the original image. This is simple effort to make identification easier.
Keywords: Support vector machine (SVM), Genetic Algorithm (GA)
Keywords: Support vector machine (SVM), Genetic Algorithm (GA)
Abstract
Modelling, Simulation and Analysis of Doubly Fed Induction Generator for Wind Turbines
AMARENDRA SINGH, ER.PRATIBHA TIWARI
Abstract: This paper refers to modeling, simulation and analysis of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbines. This paper presents the modelling of DFIG based WT system and the simulation results performed for the system developed in Simulink environment of MATLAB . A gird connected wind energy generation model is developed and simulated for normal operation and for some faults in the grid. the analysis, modeling, and control of the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) for wind turbines. The variable speed wind turbine generator with doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) is today widely used concept. control system of the doubly-fed induction generator wind turbine with focus on the control strategies and on active power reference value choice Different rotor current control methods are investigated with the objective of eliminating the influence of the back electromotive force (EMF), which is that of, in control terminology, a load disturbance, on the rotor current.
Keywords: Doubly-fed induction generator, wind turbine, wind energy, current control, voltage sag, power quality, simulation, MATLAB.
Keywords: Doubly-fed induction generator, wind turbine, wind energy, current control, voltage sag, power quality, simulation, MATLAB.
Abstract
An improved method of automatic exudates detection in retinal image
MORIUM AKTER, ATIQUR RAHMAN, A.K.M.KAMRUL ISLAM
Abstract: Diabetic retinopathy is the complications of diabetes, which can eventually lead to blindness. To prevent from blindness of diabetic patient an early detection of diabetic retinopathy is very important. As exudates are the early sign of diabetic retinopathy, we can save diabetic patient from blindness by detecting exudates. In this paper, we have developed an improved method of automatic exudates detection in retinal images using nonlinear background elimination.
Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy, hard exudates, soft exudates, microaneurysm and blindness.
Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy, hard exudates, soft exudates, microaneurysm and blindness.
Abstract
Analysis of Bit Error Rate of different M-ary PSK Modulation Schemes in AWGN Channel
KANGKAN THAKURIA, VIVEKANANDA, ABHIJYOTI GHOSH
Abstract: The increase in multimedia services on mobile wireless communication has resulted in great advancement of the wireless communication field in the recent times. One of the widely used techniques is digital modulation technique which allows digitized data to be carried or transmitted via the analog radio frequency (RF) channels. The data transfer rate should be maximum for uninterruptable communication. But with high rate there is greater probability of error. This paper emphasizes on the error probability of M-ary PSK modulation techniques in Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) Channel. In order to get a better understanding of the M-ary PSK system, a Simulink-based simulation system is designed for M-ary PSK for M= 5,6,7,8 and 9 using Matlab Simulink [8]. This paper proves that increasing of M results in increase of BER. The results are analyzed on the basis of BER plot.
Keywords: M-PSK, Bit Error Rate, Data rate, Bit energy, Signal energy, AWGN channel.
Keywords: M-PSK, Bit Error Rate, Data rate, Bit energy, Signal energy, AWGN channel.
Abstract
Broadband Gap-Coupled Assembly of Patches Forming Elliptical Microstrip Patch Antenna for C- Band Applications
DHEERAJ BHARDWAJ, RAKSHIT JAIN, VIJAY SHARMA AND KOMAL SHARMA
Abstract: The radiation performance of a compact gap-coupled assembly of patches forming the geometry of elliptical patch antenna is simulated using glass epoxy FR4 substrate material. This assembly is achieved by cutting conventional elliptical patch antenna geometry into four independent patches through three narrow slits parallel to the minor axis of elliptical patch. So the elliptical patch is divided into four independent patches out of which two outer patches and two inner are identical in shape and size. The part of the inner patch in the first quadrant is exited through inset feed, and the three other patches are gap coupled to this patch. This arrangement of antenna elements resonate at the frequency 6.2GHz. This arrangement gives an improved bandwidth (~20%). The radiation pattern of antenna at resonant frequency is almost identical in shape and nature. Details of the antenna design and simulated results are presented and discussed systematically. The simulated result shows that the antenna is resonating at frequency 6.2GHz. This antenna successfully achieves the bandwidth of 19.9% (at VSWR: 1.15) and suitable for C- band applications.
Keywords: Microstrip antenna, gap-coupled antenna, elliptical patch antenna.
Keywords: Microstrip antenna, gap-coupled antenna, elliptical patch antenna.
Abstract
An approach to a microcontroller based GPS controlled autonomous bus
SOURADEEP GANGULY, SHARMISTHA CHATTOPADHYAY, ADITYA NANDY, SHARMI SAHA, SANTANU BHAR
Abstract: In many cars and buses GPS system has already been installed. But in those vehicles GPS signal is not used for controlling the wheels of the bus. In this project the signal from the GPS is feed to the microcontroller which will move the wheels of the bus and the bus will move in the specified direction. As the bus moves it will take care of all the safety measures like avoiding the obstacles. In this work the focus is also given on detecting the bus-stop and also the traffic signal. The main concern of this work is to reduce the accidents caused due to human errors. Hence, in this work the human intervention has been minimized thus increasing the accuracy of the bus.
Keywords: GPS, Obstacle Avoider, Traffic Light Detector, Bus-Stop Detector, 89c51 microcontroller.
Keywords: GPS, Obstacle Avoider, Traffic Light Detector, Bus-Stop Detector, 89c51 microcontroller.
Abstract
Design of area efficient chip layout of fractional N-phase locked loop using VLSI technology. A review
A. V. MANWATKAR, PROF. V. B.PADOLE
Abstract: In communication system power is one of the most important parameter. Power is the amount to function or generating out energy. This means that it is a way of measuring how fast a function can be carried out. So power has become one of the most important parameter in various communication systems such as optical data links, wireless products, microprocessor. This topic presents the design of an area efficient chip layout of fractional-N phase locked loop for Bluetooth application using VLSI technology. Phase locked loop is a control system that generates an output signal whose phase is realated to the phase of an input signal. This phase locked loop is designed using VLSI technology, which offers high speed performance at low power. Loop filter and Sigma-Delta modulator are the most important factors in improving the performance of fractional-N phase locked loop. The digital Sigma- Delta modulator provides a useful noise shaping for the phase noise introduced by the fractional division operation, while the loop filter bandwidth limits the speed of switching time between the synthesized frequencies.
Keywords: Phase locked loop, sigma delta modulator, Divide by N- counter Voltage controlled oscillator.
Keywords: Phase locked loop, sigma delta modulator, Divide by N- counter Voltage controlled oscillator.
Abstract
Low cost Wireless I/O’s using PLC, HMI & ZIGBEE
PROF. MR. V.B. KUMBHAR, PROF. MRS. S.S.BIDWAI, PROF. MR. A.R.NICHAL
Abstract: During the past decade, the industrial sector throughout the world has shifted from the classical methods of Control and Automation to the state of the art techniques. This allowed the industries to attain a higher percentage of growth and production, which consequently gave rise to reduction in costs of the products. This trend of automation is gaining popularity at a very slow pace due to huge initial costs associated with it. This problem can be addressed by promoting Wireless I/O‟s interfaced to Programmable Logic Controllers using Zigbee, which might encourage the industries to take the path of modern automation.
Keywords: Wireless I/O‟s, PLC, HMI, ZIGBEE Automation System.
Keywords: Wireless I/O‟s, PLC, HMI, ZIGBEE Automation System.
Abstract
Development of Graphical User Interface Load Flow Studies for Educational Research
MOHAMMAD NAYEEM A TAHASILDAR
Abstract: This paper present graphical user interface software for load flow study, today there is lots of software is available in market. But the cost of these software cost is in million, so it impossible to buy for educational research purpose. For analysis and design of small to medium size Electric power systems, load flow is as bread butter of power system. Load flow analysis is actually used for real & reactive power flow in between the two buses, reactive power injection by capacitor, load angle, bus Voltage, power factor, power balance, unknown power generation Calculation, for these software both Newton Rapson, fast decoupled load flow method used. The fast decoupled load flow in that a more broad range of power systems can be solved.
Keyword: Load flow Analysis design parameter, graphical user interface.
Keyword: Load flow Analysis design parameter, graphical user interface.
Abstract
Breast Cancer Detection And Classification In High Resolution Ultrasound Images
K.SUBASHINI, K.JEYANTHI
Abstract: Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death for women all over the world. Since the cause of the disease remains unknown, early detection and diagnosis is the key for breast cancer control, and it can increase the success of treatment and save lives. Ultrasound imaging is one of the most frequently used diagnosis tools to detect and classify abnormalities of the breast. In order to eliminate the operator dependency and improve the diagnostic accuracy, computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system is a valuable and beneficial means for breast cancer detection and classification. The performance of the CAD system is fairly evaluated. Generally, a CAD system consists of four stages: preprocessing, image segmentation, feature extraction and selection, and classification. Masses and microcalcification are both important signs of breast cancer. In this paper, they are identified and classified into benign and malignant.
Abstract
Efficient Afir Filter Based On Distributed Arithmetic
BHARATHKUMAR. M, SIDDARTHRAJU. K
Abstract: The Finite Impulse Response digital filter is widely used as a basic tool in various signal time realization of FIR ( Finite Impulse Response filter) with less hardware requirement and less latency has become more and more important. The design method of MAC (multiplication and accumulation) operation is the core of FIR filter implementation. Distributed Arithmetic is an important technique to implement digital signal processing (DSP) functions in FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Arrays). It provides an approach for multiplier-less implementation of FIR filter, since it is an algorithm that can perform multiplication with use of LUT (look Up Table) that stores the pre- computed values and can be read out easily which makes DA (Distributed Arithmetic)based computation well suited for FPGA realization, because the LUT is the basic component of FPGA. The major disadvantage of DA technique is that the size of Da-LUT increased exponentially with the increasing length of input. Several efforts have been made to reduce the Da-LUT size for efficient realization of DA-based designs. In this paper, LUT is partitioned into smaller size LUT, so that the LUT size can be reduce to one fourth (the size of the table is reduced from one 4N*2B LUT to four N*2B tables). Hence the length of the LUT can be reduced.
Keywords: Distributed Arithmetic, Finite Impulse Response, Look Up Table.
Keywords: Distributed Arithmetic, Finite Impulse Response, Look Up Table.
Abstract
Multimedia Security Techniques
REENA J. SHAH, BHAVNA K. PANCHOLI
Abstract: Image, which covers the highest percentage of the multimedia data, its protection is very important. This can be achieved by cryptography. Image encryption plays an important role to ensure confidential transmission and storage of image over internet.It becomes an important issue that how to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of image.A real–time image encryption faces a greater challenge due to large amount of data involved. This paper presents a review on image encryption techniques of both full encryption and partial encryption schemes in spatial, frequency & hybrid domains.
Keywords: Cryptography, Encryption, Decryption, Keys, Cipher text ,Plain text, Symmetric key cryptography, Asymmetric key cryptography
Keywords: Cryptography, Encryption, Decryption, Keys, Cipher text ,Plain text, Symmetric key cryptography, Asymmetric key cryptography
Abstract
Novel Control Strategy For Grid-Connected PV System With Reactive Power Compensation And MPPT Control
AVDHOOTA TRIVEDI, ASST. PROF. FALGUNI BHAVSAR, ASST. PROF. AJAY BALAR
Abstract: A PV system connected to the network with the functionality of the reactive power compensation and harmonic is introduced in this paper. The output of the PV system varies due to changes in solar irradiance and climate conditions. PQ theory can be used to control the VSC, which is independent of the control of the maximum power point of the buck / boost dc / DC converter. Then the VSC is used to interact with the electric grid through the network. Increasingly, the use of static power converter and switching mode power consumption injected current harmonics and reactive power in the electrical system. It will be shown that the VSC can be controlled to compensate the harmonic current and supplying active and reactive power. The harmonic current is extracted by using the theory of PQ. According to this strategy of sunlight during the active system sends power to the grid and also compensates the reactive power of the load and compensate harmonics. If there is no sunlight, the inverters compensates the reactive power and harmonic load and greatly improve the power factor of the installation. The proposed control strategies validated using MATLAB Simulink system/ Simpower.
Keywords: Grid-connected PV system, Instantaneous reactive power theory, MPPT, Reactive power compensation, Power quality.
Keywords: Grid-connected PV system, Instantaneous reactive power theory, MPPT, Reactive power compensation, Power quality.
Abstract
Automatic Multiple Object Tracking System
VIGNESH.C, JEYANTHI.K
Abstract: This paper deals with an intelligent image processing method for the video surveillance systems. We propose a technology detecting and tracking multiple moving objects, which can be applied to consumer electronics such as home and business surveillance systems consisting of an internet protocol (IP) camera and a network video recorder (NVR). A real-time surveillance system needs to detect moving objects robustly against noises and environment. So the proposed method uses the red-green-blue (RGB) colour background modelling with a sensitivity parameter to extract moving regions, the morphology to eliminate noises, and the blob-labelling to group moving objects. To track moving objects fast, the proposed method predicts the velocity and the direction of the groups formed by moving objects. Finally, the experiments show that the proposed method has the robustness against the environmental influences and the speed, which are suitable for the real- time surveillance system.
Keywords: multiple moving object tracking, IP camera, NVR, background modelling, morphology, blob-labelling, group tracking.
Keywords: multiple moving object tracking, IP camera, NVR, background modelling, morphology, blob-labelling, group tracking.
Abstract
Evaluation and Comparison of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes and Copper as VLSI Interconnect
GURLEEN DHILLON, KARAMJIT SINGH
Abstract: The work in this paper addresses the capabilities and performance of single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) bundles as interconnects for applications in VLSI circuits. The carbon nanotube (CNT) bundles have potential to provide an alternate solution for the resistivity and electro-migration problems faced by traditional copper interconnect in very deep submicron technology. Using an equivalent RLC model, the performance of CNT-bundle interconnects is compared to copper wires at different lengths. It is shown in the results that carbon nanotubes can easily replace conventional Copper Interconnects. CNTs because of their superior electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties have novel applications in every day to day life applications.
Keywords: Electromigration, Grain Boundary Scattering, Interconnect, Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI)
Keywords: Electromigration, Grain Boundary Scattering, Interconnect, Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI)
Abstract
Enhancing Stability & Cost Reduction Of Multigrid System By UPFC
SIDDHARTH GUPTA, ER. VINAY KUMAR TRIPATHI
Abstract: In some decades, the demand for electrical power has increased but the generation and transmission remained limited due to limited resources and environmental restrictions. The increased demand for electrical power has also increased the complexity in the transmission system. It resulted in the form of the question of stability of power system. Here the stability of power system with possible minimum cost is the main aspect of the present analysis. This problem is solved by using the Solid State devices, known as Flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices. The UPFC is one of the most promising devices of FACTS devices for power system stability with reduction in cost of power. This paper has a comprehensive review on the research and developments in the matter of enhancing power system stability with cost reduction in multigrid network of power supply with the use of UPFC.
Keywords: power system stability, Solid State devices, FACTS, UPFC
Keywords: power system stability, Solid State devices, FACTS, UPFC
Abstract
Data Communication Using HDLC Protocol
SHASHANK RAMPELLY, SANTHOSH RAO SERI, GNANESHWARA CHARY, KRISHANM RAJU
Abstract: The paper consists of two modes of communication i.e transmission and reception of a 8-bit data stream. Here the stream is generated has HDLC frames for the transmission by using 32:1 multiplexer, FIFO system, RLE Compressor technique and HDLC Framer. The RLE Compressor plays an important role in compressing the repetitive data. Similarly the data is retrieved from the HDLC Frames through a HDLC De-framer, RLE De-compressor and a De-multiplexer. Thus a data is moved from source to destination. This is a half duplex type of communication. This is initiated to make a quick and quality information flow.
Keywords: Channel Multiplexer, Channel Counter, FIFO System, RLE Compressor, HDLC framer, HDLC De-framer, RLE De-Compressor, De-Multiplexer
Keywords: Channel Multiplexer, Channel Counter, FIFO System, RLE Compressor, HDLC framer, HDLC De-framer, RLE De-Compressor, De-Multiplexer
Abstract
Voice Transmission Through Bluetooth
RAVIKIRAN R. DESHMUKH
Abstract: Bluetooth is a low cost, low power, short-range radio technology intended to transfer data between Bluetooth enabled devices at the gross data rate 1M b/s, but the actual data rates are 432 Kbps for full duplex transmission. Bluetooth is also used as a medium for voice communication between cell phones. This paper aim is to establishing the full duplex communication in the department and college. The main source of the transmission media is an embedded Bluetooth protocol within the computer and Android based Mobile Handset. The range limitation of Bluetooth is overcome by the LAN network available in the department. An attempt is made to work in full duplex mode and exploring the utility of the Android OS.
Keywords: Local Area Network (LAN), Personal Computer (PC), User Interface (UI).
Keywords: Local Area Network (LAN), Personal Computer (PC), User Interface (UI).
Abstract
Crack detection in tiles based on hybrid technology of GA and MLP using Image Processing
MEHUL M. BARAIYA, DHAVAL S. PIPALIA
Abstract: The problem of the crack can be avoided by detecting the cracks on the surface of tiles. Crack detection using individual Genetic Algorithm and Multilayer Perceptron can achieve the efficiency less than the hybrid or combination of these two techniques in tiles industries. The efficient use of image processing with advanced technologies Generic Algorithm and Multilayer Perceptron with self organizing maps which would be required in the real time applications of tiles surface crack detection. Till now it was possible with individual above mentioned methods. This paper shows the possibility of hybrid method combining GA and MLP. Crack/Fault detection using hybrid of GA and MLP will be helpful for deduction in the rejection ratio of the tiles at the time of packaging
Keywords: Genetic Algorithm, Multilayer Perceptron, Self Organizing Maps, Hybrid, Crack Detection.
Keywords: Genetic Algorithm, Multilayer Perceptron, Self Organizing Maps, Hybrid, Crack Detection.
Abstract
Face Recognition using PCA and Eigen Face Approach
PROF. ARJUN NICHAL, MS. HARSHALI JAGTAP, MS. SHITAL INGALE, MS. NAMRATA PATIL
Abstract: Face is a complex multidimensional structure and needs a good computing techniques for recognition. Our approach treats face recognition as a two-dimensional recognition problem. In this scheme face recognition is done by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Face images are projected onto a face space that encodes best variation among known face images. The face space is defined by Eigen face which is eigenvectors of the set of faces, which may not correspond to general facial features such as eyes, nose, and lips. The Eigen face approach uses the PCA for recognition of the images. The system performs by projecting pre extracted face image onto a set of face space that represents significant variations among known face images. Face will be categorized as known or unknown face after matching with the present database. If the user is new to the face recognition system then his/her template will be stored in the database else matched against the templates stored in the database. The variable reducing theory of PCA accounts for the smaller face space than the training set of face.
Keywords: Face Recognition, PCA, Eigen face, Eigen Vector.
Keywords: Face Recognition, PCA, Eigen face, Eigen Vector.