VOLUME 1, ISSUE 7, OCTOBER 2013

Abstract: Sign language is the most natural and expressive way for the hearing impaired. Its most appealing application is the development of more effective and friendly interfaces for human-machine interaction. Gestures are a natural and powerful way of communication. A hand gesture recognition system can provide an opportunity for a mute person to communicate with normal people without the need of an interpreter.

We proposed use to the finite state machine with key frame selection facility and gesture trajectory features for one hand gesture recognition. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme for recognizing One Handed American Sign Language.

Keywords: Sign language, Finite state machine and Trajectory feature for one hand.

Abstract: Wireless Sensor Networks are increasingly being employed for monitoring and sensing in harsh environments such as factories and offshore platforms. This technology has the potential to offer measurements over larger and difficult to access areas, giving more up-to date and precise information to inform control and operational systems. Wireless sensor networks are ideal for the development of the envisioned world of ubiquitous and pervasive computing. Energy and computational efficiency constraints are the main key issues when dealing with this type of network. One of the challenges facing the development and adoption of wireless sensor networks is achieving wireless communications which is energy efficient yet robust and resilient. Being low cost and battery powered, wireless sensors have limited resources, which must be used optimally. Large Beam efficient smart antennas can give significant improvement in communications performance, and recent developments in parasitic array techniques have led to low power, low cost smart antennas. In this research, an interference-normalized least mean square (INLMS) algorithm for wireless sensor network is proposed. The INLMS algorithm extends the gradient-adaptive learning rate approach to the case where the signals are non-stationary, we also compare the performance of proposed smart antenna scheme with existing LMS and NLMS algorithms. Comparison is done through the performance matrices like, Beam-width, throughput, End-to-End Delay, Network Lifetime etc. and it is found that wireless sensor network with proposed smart antenna scheme out perform the existing approaches.

Keywords: Wireless sensor network, Smart Antenna, Interference Normalization Least Mean Square [INLMS]Algorithm , Normalized least mean square (NLMS) algorithm,Least mean square(LMS).

Abstract: Wi-Fi, short form for Wireless Fidelity is a wireless networking technology in which an electronic device is allowed to connect to the Internet by using radio waves .It is based on IEEE 802.11 standards. The Wi-Fi technology is in-built in many of the electronic devices such as PDAs, laptops, smart phones etc which allows the users to access the internet whenever they are near access point called hotspot. In education information and technology refers to teaching and learning the subject which invest understanding of functions and let us use effectively information and communication technologies.
It is not only students who must have thorough understanding related to information and communication technology, educators is also need to be trained in how to use technology and need to enroot good understanding of it. Wi-Fi has become a necessity in today’s modern era and its usefulness has increased now-a-days.

Keywords: Wi-Fi, LAN, Access Point, WPA

Abstract: This paper presents a framework to carry out an novel method based Optimal Power Flow (OPF) for transmission congestion management in deregulated power system using Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) and Generation Rescheduling. In the deregulated environment, some generators may not be willing to participate in the congestion management process for their own economic interest or some other operational constraints. By using Generator Sensitivity (GS), we select generators actually participating in congestion alleviation. The research presented in this paper aims to maximize total system social welfare and alleviate congestion by best placement and sizing of TCSC device. The proposed approach makes use of the Genetic Algorithm (GA) to optimise the schedule of Generating Companies (GenCos), Distributing Companies (DisCos) and TCSC location and size based on severity power index, while the Newton–Raphson algorithm minimizes the mismatch of the power flow equations. Simulation results on the modified IEEE 30-bus test systems (with line flow constraints, before and after the compensation) are used to examine the impact of TCSC on the total system social welfare improvement. The results show clearly the effectiveness of suggested method.

Keywords: Congestion management, Generator Sensitivity, Severity power index, FACTS, TCSC, Genetic Algorithm.

Abstract: The paper investigates the usefulness of multi-path routing to achieve lifetime improvements by load balancing and exploiting cross-layer information in mobile sensor networks. Performance gains in the order of delivery ratio and delay could be achieved by altering path update rules of existing on-demand routing schemes. Problems encountered with concurrent traffic along interfering paths have been identified as a direct consequence of special MAC protocol properties. .

Keywords: WSN, AODV, AOMDV, EAOMDV

Abstract: 'Network Coding' is the proven technology used in internet data transfer and satellite communications, which can use the available bandwidth to the maximum as well as ensure data security. In this paper, the concepts of Network Coding is implemented and tested for Smart Grid applications using the wireless protocols namely Zigbee, Bluetooth and Wifi. The performance parameters were studied for each protocol by transmitting multiple data packets stored in a database. Further, an algorithm is developed to run at the destination end which determines, from the data it has received, whether the load demand exceeds the generation or there is a surplus of generated power available. This was demonstrated using Wi-Fi protocol.

Keywords: Zigbee, Bluetooth, Wifi, Smart Grid, Network Coding.

Abstract: Reactive power compensation in a power distribution network plays a vital role in improving voltage and power system stability. Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices like Static Var Compensators (SVCs) are used to control reactive power generation or absorption in long transmission line. However, these SVCs will introduce harmonic current in to the system due to the operation of thyristor controlled reactors (TCR). This paper proposes a modified genetic algorithm approach to minimize the harmonics injected into the systems with the operation of TCR-FC type SVC used in conjunction with fast-changing loads. Optimum triggering delay angles used to trigger thyristors in TCR are calculated using the proposed genetic algorithm to achieve better, smooth and adaptive control of reactive power as well as harmonics. This approach can be effectively used to limit the THD as well as receiving end voltage within the acceptable range for linear as well as nonlinear load condition.

Keywords: Genetic Algorithm, Harmonic Distortion, Optimization, Reactive power Compensation, TCR-FC.

Abstract: Video summarization refers to creating a summary of a digital video. With the advent of digital multimedia, a lot of digital content such as movies, news, television shows and sports is widely available. Also, due to the advances in digital content distribution (DTH satellite reception) and digital video recorders, this digital content can be easily recorded. However, the user may not have sufficient time to watch the entire video (Ex. User may want to watch just the highlights of a game) or the whole of video content may not be of interest to the user(Ex. Golf game video). In such cases, the user may just want to view the summary of the video instead of watching the whole video. Thus, the summary should be such that it should convey as much information about the occurrence of various incidents in the video. Also, the method should be very general so that it can work with the videos of a variety of genre. Current research topics on video includes video abstraction or summarization, video classification, video annotation, content based video retrieval. In nearly all these application one needs to identify shots in video which will correctly and briefly indicate the contents of video. This paper compares some of the popular shot boundary detection techniques; discuses the merits and demerits of each of the techniques and some experiments.

Keywords: Color Histogram Difference Based, Edge Change Ratio Based, Pixel Based Techniques, Cut Detection, Shot Detection

Abstract: A graph implement the graph and hypergraph concepts from mathematics so that graph is an abstract data type. Effective understanding of digital images can be obtained from image segmentation. Past few decades saw hundreds of research contributions their vast research in the image segmentation field. However, the research on the existence of general purpose segmentation algorithm that suits for variety of applications is still very much active. The review is done based on the classification of various segmentation techniques within the framework of graph based approaches.

Keywords: Image segmentation, graph based method,graph partition method,image analysis

Abstract: Competition is on rise in generation and distribution, which results huge transactions. Nonetheless, transmission lines are overloaded, since transmission system provides access of electricity having limited corridors. Consequently, the probability of congestion tends to be prominent. Congestion in transmission corridors not only causes collapse of that particular area but affects other area as well. Therefore, improvement of ATC of existing network by any means is essential. For this, various FACTS devices like UPFC, SSSC, TCSC, STATCOM, etc. may be used to improve the ATC of transmission lines. In this paper TCSC is employed in IEEE 5 bus system and IEEE 30 bus system to improve the ATC of transmission lines. In this paper ACPTDFs are used to evaluate the change in line flows. Due to the change in line flows the ATC of the transmission line also reflects changes. Both the real power and reactive power flows are considered in this paper.

Keywords: Available Transfer Capability (ATC), AC Power Transfer Distribution Factor (ACPTDF), Linear ATC, Reactive Power, Thyristor Controlled Switched Capacitor (TCSC).