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VOLUME 10, ISSUE 1, JANUARY 2022
MUSCLE INJURIES IN FOOTBALL: COMPARISON THROUGH ONE WAY ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (ANOVA)
Dr. Sinku kumar Singh, Dr. Abdul Waheed
Optimal Placement of Statcom Based on Novel Mutated Voltage Stability Index & Optimal Dispatch of Reactive Power Using PSO
Kiran R, K Shanmuka Sundar, Rajath GR, Ramya S Rajan, Rashmi P
A Review On “Self-Sanitizing Robotic Wheelie Bin”
Lokesh M. Giripunje, Aman Yadav, Tejal Patil, Rajesh Thorat
Real Time Face-mask Detection with Arduino to Prevent COVID-19 Spreading
Vaishnavi Khamankar, Neha Kawadkar, Chetana Hedaoo, Vishal Gupta, Dr. Prabhakar D. Khandait
Different Methods on MPPT of Wind System: The Last Ten Years
Manan Parmar, Mihir Vasavada
CARDIOVASCULAR ENDURANCE AND PLYOMETRIC EXERCISE : IMPACT ON WOMEN VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS
Anand N Wankhede
A Survey on Microstrip Antenna Array Design for 5G Communication
Dr. S. Vijayakumar, Thirupughalvan Adhimoolam, Venkatesh Senthilkumar, Yuthan Nataraja
Emergency Assistance
Sarvesh Ganesh Hegde, Rashmi Ranjan Pradhan, Dr.H.P.Mohan Kumar
MUSIC PLAYER MOBILE APPLICATION BASED ON AI
Madhav H Thigle, Jayant Golechha, Nagalinga T Maharajmath, Gaurav Borkar
Early Intensive Care Unit Mortality Prediction
Mr. Pradeep V, Dhanusha, Deeksha, Shreyas R Shetty, Jaisubhas B
A Novel Approach to Detect Face Mask using CNN
A V Shivani, Deepthi Palai, Ashmitha V Mendon, Dhanya laxman byndoor, Nagesh U B
Electromagnetic Waves Propagation in Unconventional Doubly Clad Optical Waveguide
Shishu Pal Singh, Anshika Singh
Design Features of Eco - Friendly Home for Sustainable Development
Sangeeta Choudhary, Mohammed Hasan, Mahesh Suthar, Abhishek Saraswat, Hardik Lashkar
IoT Virtual Doctor Robot
Dr. M. Sudha, M. V. Yuvabharathi, S. Sushmitha
Android App for Classified Information Sharing in an Educational Institution
Sandhya.V, Nisarga.B, Dr.H.R.Divakar
Prediction Of Covid Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Shivaprasad G, Hemanth Kumar T, Dr. H R Divakar
CFD ANALYSIS ON JET NOISE REDUCTION USING FAN FLOW DEFLECTORS
Sivaraman S, Dhanush S.A, Bhavani Sai Sujith V, Ashwin S, Balaji M
Comparison of Segmentation Techniques Used for Classification of Ayurvedic Medicinal Leaf
Poonam. B.Bhopale, Radhika.S.Ghat,Rasika.S.Ladage
Abstract
MUSCLE INJURIES IN FOOTBALL: COMPARISON THROUGH ONE WAY ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (ANOVA)
Dr. Sinku kumar Singh, Dr. Abdul Waheed
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2022.10101
Abstract: The primary aim of the present study was to compare the occurrences of Muscle injuries among three level of football player. The investigator has made an attempt to classify or define the groups of footballers based on the class of the games of the footballers. Accordingly three groups of footballers were targeted; International, National and State footballers aged between 14 to 30 years, information of occurrences of injuries was collected, Individually through a questionnaire from footballers. The International Football players was found to have got more suffered from Muscle injuries as compared to National and state level football Players.
Abstract
Optimal Placement of Statcom Based on Novel Mutated Voltage Stability Index & Optimal Dispatch of Reactive Power Using PSO
Kiran R, K Shanmuka Sundar, Rajath GR, Ramya S Rajan, Rashmi P
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2022.10102
Abstract: Reliable electricity supply play a vital role in modern era. Global electricity is driving the industrial sector to development and automation. To accomplish this, the Electric Power system must be powered by safe and secure margins & limits. It mostly depends on the nature of several environmental factors, working conditions, safe boundaries etc. Placing STATCOM in the power system helps to operate the power system network in a stable and reliable environment. The main function of this paper is to place a STATCOM in the electrical power system in order to obtain reliable, stable electricity and to reduce losses. Proper placement and size of STATCOM were used in the IEEE-30 bus system and the results were found to be effective.
Keywords: Optimal location of STATCOM, Reactive Power Injection, Stability, Particle Swarm OptimizationI
Keywords: Optimal location of STATCOM, Reactive Power Injection, Stability, Particle Swarm OptimizationI
Abstract
A Review On “Self-Sanitizing Robotic Wheelie Bin”
Lokesh M. Giripunje, Aman Yadav, Tejal Patil, Rajesh Thorat
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2022.10103
Abstract: The year 2020 has witnessed unusual demands for COVID-19 preventions and appliances. As we can see generation of bio-medical waste during the treatment and diagnose of COVID-19 are in large proportion. The collection and disposal of bio-medical waste is the challenge during global pandemic across the world. In India, the biomedical waste is producing in large number of tones. The majority of today's systems, techniques, and technology, on the other hand, are ineffective for the current circumstances. We need to implement a system that includes latest technologies and applications to fulfil the need in the society. In order to do so, we have built a smart dustbin which is self-sanitizing and its robotic feature make a helping hand for Human. The proposed system aims to reduce health hazardous issues caused by decayed waste and minimizes infectious diseases to spread from person to person.
Keywords: COVID-19, self-sanitization, smart dustbin, robot
Keywords: COVID-19, self-sanitization, smart dustbin, robot
Abstract
Real Time Face-mask Detection with Arduino to Prevent COVID-19 Spreading
Vaishnavi Khamankar, Neha Kawadkar, Chetana Hedaoo, Vishal Gupta, Dr. Prabhakar D. Khandait
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2022.10104
Abstract: The rise of COVID-19 pandemic has had a lasting impact in many countries worldwide since 2019. Face- mask detection had been significant progress in the Image processing and deep learning fields studies. Many face detection models have been designed using different algorithms and techniques. The proposed approach in this paper developed to avoid mask-less people from entering to a desired places (i.e. Mall, University, Office, …etc.) by detecting face mask using deep learning, TensorFlow, Keras, and OpenCV and sending a signal to Arduino device that connected to the gate to be open. it detect a face in a real-time and identifies whether the person wear mask or not. The method attains accuracy up to 97.80%. The dataset provided in this paper, was collected from various sources.
Keywords: face mask detection, deep learning, TensorFlow, Keras, OpenCV, Arduino.
Keywords: face mask detection, deep learning, TensorFlow, Keras, OpenCV, Arduino.
Abstract
Different Methods on MPPT of Wind System: The Last Ten Years
Manan Parmar, Mihir Vasavada
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2022.10105
Abstract: This paper reviews and compares the last ten years of work concerning MPPT of Wind System with Different methods. These methods are: Hill Climbing Search (HCS), Optimal Torque Control (OTC), Perturbation and Observation (P&O), tip speed ratio (TSR), Power Signal Feedback (PSF) and Fuzzy Logic control (FLC). However, making a choice on an exact MPPT algorithm for a particular case require sufficient proficiency because each algorithm has its own merits and demerits. For this reason, an appropriate review of those algorithms is essential. Merits, demerits and comprehensive comparison of the different MPPT algorithms also highlighted in the terms of complexity, wind speed requirement, prior training, speed responses, etc. and also the ability to acquire the maximal energy output.
Keywords: Wind System, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), MPPT Methods.
Keywords: Wind System, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), MPPT Methods.
Abstract
LIGHTING ASSESSMENT & AUDIT OF SARASWATI COMPLEX – A CASE STUDY
Rajneesh Pawar
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2022.10106
Abstract: An energy audit is a study of a plant or facility to determine how and where energy is used and to identify the measures for energy savings. Generally the institutes, library buildings, offices, rooms etc. are well designed without looking towards energy efficient lighting system. But during energy accounting, these buildings consume more energy as the energy required by energy efficient structure design for the same. This research paper aims at the identification of lighting based energy losses of saraswati complex (Library) of DCRUST Murthal, a state government funded university. This research paper implements the concepts of lighting methodology for calculating the lighting parameters manually that directly calculate the performance of the lighting system parameters in a single excel sheet. Finally the energy efficient measures are proposed for improving energy savings &illuminance level.
Keywords: lighting, energy audit, energy efficient,methodology, lux meter, circuit watt, illuminanceetc.
Keywords: lighting, energy audit, energy efficient,methodology, lux meter, circuit watt, illuminanceetc.
Abstract
CARDIOVASCULAR ENDURANCE AND PLYOMETRIC EXERCISE : IMPACT ON WOMEN VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS
Anand N Wankhede
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2022.10107
Abstract: Volleyball is a competitive and recreational sport for school and College women. The purpose of the study was to effects of Plyometric exercise on Cardiovascular Endurance in Women Volleyball players. The 25 volleyball players were selected for sample size of the study and their age ranged between 20 -25 years. Only training was given to the experimental groups. Exclusion criteria were the presence of chronic medical conditions such as asthma, heart disease or any other condition that would put the subjects at risk when performing the experimental tests. The Plyometric exercise training program was planned as 12 weeks 4 day a week and 30 minutes in a day. The Plyometrics exercise includes Front Box Jump, Lateral Box Jump, Weighted Lateral Jumps, Broad Jumps,Skater Jumps, Scissor Jumps, Dot Drill,Lateral Box Shuffles, Abdominal muscular endurance was measured by performing the 1-minute bent knee sit-up test . The result reveals that Plyometric exercise improve Cardiovascular Endurance in female volleyball players.
Keywords: Plyometric exercise, Volleyball, Women, Cardiovascular Endurance
Keywords: Plyometric exercise, Volleyball, Women, Cardiovascular Endurance
Abstract
HVAC PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF CHILLER PLANTS
Rajneesh Pawar
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2022.10108
Abstract: Energy audit provide the means to identify energy consumption patterns and components of existing HVAC system and thus energy conservation opportunities can be identified and prioritized. So, it is possible to identify and avoid unnecessary expenditures in buildings that involve chiller plants while improving operation and comfort. This research paper aims at an energy audit of the major load consumption HVAC of Saraswati complex. The HVAC performance assessment of chiller unit is proposed and recommendations of HVAC system are suggested for improving energy savings.
Keywords: chiller, EER, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC), load, parameters, refrigeration capacity, system etc.
Keywords: chiller, EER, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC), load, parameters, refrigeration capacity, system etc.
Abstract
A Survey on Microstrip Antenna Array Design for 5G Communication
Dr. S. Vijayakumar, Thirupughalvan Adhimoolam, Venkatesh Senthilkumar, Yuthan Nataraja
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2022.10109
Abstract: With the development of telecommunication, antenna are designed with miniature size with high performance. Microstrip patch antenna is playing an essential role. It is very demanded and significant thing in the 5G communication because of its several advantages over usual antennas like reduction cost, light weight, conventional to feed and antenna characteristics. It should be noted that researchers are working for the improvement of the antenna system for 5G communication for achieving high gain and bandwidth. 5G communication system provides higher frequency range with larger bandwidth. The objective of this paper is to discuss the overview study of microstrip patch antenna in 5G Communication for past few years. The measurements of antenna parameters are also discussed in this paper.
Keywords: Microstrip Patch Antenna array, Design parameter, 5G Communication, mm-wave, Bandwidth and Gain Enhancement.
Keywords: Microstrip Patch Antenna array, Design parameter, 5G Communication, mm-wave, Bandwidth and Gain Enhancement.
Abstract
Emergency Assistance
Sarvesh Ganesh Hegde, Rashmi Ranjan Pradhan, Dr.H.P.Mohan Kumar
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2022.10110
Abstract: The requirement of keeping ourselves as well as others has become more important than before, as the crime rate are getting increasing day by day. Keeping safe doesn’t only mean that to get protection from only external threats such as crime but also from natural causes may be a health issues such as heart attack, panic attack etc. We can observe that the usage of mobile phones is at its peak. So, in order to solve the issue of emergencies we can use the technology such as mobile phones even though the mobile can’t do anything we can use them to alert and provide the required information to the guardians, so that they can help to those who are in need. In order to achieve this, we are proposing an android application which makes it possible.
Keywords: Safety, Emergency, Assistance, Location, Help, Victim
Keywords: Safety, Emergency, Assistance, Location, Help, Victim
Abstract
MUSIC PLAYER MOBILE APPLICATION BASED ON AI
Madhav H Thigle, Jayant Golechha, Nagalinga T Maharajmath, Gaurav Borkar
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2022.10111
Abstract: This article is the result of research on the building a voice-controlled music application using Artificial Intelligence. The stereotype music app required human interaction to change the song or make playlists of similar songs, this restricted the visually impaired to interact with the touch screens with less effective. This project is all about developing an AI based music app using voice recognition. In this project, flutter, Visual studio and Alan API is used which allows the music app to be controlled via voice command. This application focusses on hands-free music player which would be more convenient to use the app by the user. This application is built to work on all android platforms.
Keywords: artificial intelligence; API; voice recognition.
Keywords: artificial intelligence; API; voice recognition.
Abstract
Early Intensive Care Unit Mortality Prediction
Mr. Pradeep V, Dhanusha, Deeksha, Shreyas R Shetty, Jaisubhas B
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2022.10112
Abstract: The intensive care unit (ICU) is a complex and information rich department. Patients admitted to ICUs require close and continuous monitoring due to high illness severity and the potential for rapid disease progression. Early hospital mortality prediction is critical as intensivists strive to make efficient medical decisions about the severely ill patients staying in ICU. As a result, various methods have been developed to address this problem based on clinical records. With the development of techniques for data storage with the help of cloud, machine learning (ML) method have attracted considerable research attention with Random Forest (RF), decision tree (DT), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), Naïve Bayes (NB) which have a good performance. Medical information mart for intensive care (MIMIC benchmark dataset is used. In order to predict the risk, quantitative features have been computed based on the sensors like heart rate signals, humidity of ICU, body temperature of patients, equipment’s condition of ICU. Data were prepared and feature selection was processed under the supervision of the ICU equipment’s. Also, the system consists of a response button which helps to know about the cause of death. These results demonstrate the ability and efficiency of our approach to predict ICU mortality.
Keywords: Intensive care unit, machine learning, dataset, sensors, response button, mortality prediction.
Keywords: Intensive care unit, machine learning, dataset, sensors, response button, mortality prediction.
Abstract
A Novel Approach to Detect Face Mask using CNN
A V Shivani, Deepthi Palai, Ashmitha V Mendon, Dhanya laxman byndoor, Nagesh U B
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2022.10113
Abstract: Detecting masked and non-masked faces are increasingly very crucial since wearing a face mask is an effective measure to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly increased health crises all over the world and is affecting our everyday lifestyle. The only motive for survival recommendations is to wear a safe facemask, stay protected against the spread of covid-19. Monitoring if the individuals are wearing facemask properly and to notify the victim in public and crowded areas is a very difficult task. This paper approaches a simplified way to achieve facemask detection and notifying the individual person if he is not wearing facemask. Face detection and recognition will be considered as one of the most intriguing modalities for biometric models. For this system, features extraction and Convolutional Neural Network are used for classification and detection of a person who is wearing the mask. This research work will be carried out in three levels: preprocessing the images, cropping the images and classification of the images. This helps to detect whether the face is masked or not. A webcam or CCTV camera surveillance will record all the timings and it checks whether the person is wearing a mask or not, if the person doesn’t wear a mask, then the system will give a security alert.
Keywords: Transforming CNN, Features extraction, Images classification
Keywords: Transforming CNN, Features extraction, Images classification
Abstract
Electromagnetic Waves Propagation in Unconventional Doubly Clad Optical Waveguide
Shishu Pal Singh, Anshika Singh
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2022.10114
Abstract: The modal dispersion and cutoff conditions for a W-type plasma loaded circular waveguide are presented. The proposed waveguide has three parts namely the core with higher index, the inner cladding with plasma and outer cladding with air. The dispersion equation is obtained by solving the Maxwell’s equation and matching the field at various interfaces. The graphs for modal characteristics are presented. It is noted as the width of plasma layer increases, the cutoff frequency also increases considerably in all considered case. This analysis shows that the introduction of plasma in waveguide provides additional parameters for controlling the propagation property.
Abstract
Design Features of Eco - Friendly Home for Sustainable Development
Sangeeta Choudhary, Mohammed Hasan, Mahesh Suthar, Abhishek Saraswat, Hardik Lashkar
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2022.10115
Abstract: Technology used for construction of Eco-friendly home reduces its carbon footprint and lowers its energy needs. Constructions of building are rapidly increasing along with the latest technologies and advancement. Physical development of a country does not only cover construction of buildings in the cities but also the residential area. There are many design aspects which need to be carefully implemented into a house so it works well with the climate and economical. This paper outlines the main design parameters like energy efficient design, recycled and sustainable building materials, waste-water treatment and reuse for eco-friendly home. The building industry will be greatly benefited by the research and development of sustainable house design. This paper includes a 3BHK eco-friendly home planning with solar panel, rainwater harvesting system, plantation, energy efficient fixtures and proper ventilation. The ecological and social potential of eco-homes are being undermined by a technocratic focus, the capacity and behaviour of occupants, and a weakening of design as developments are scaled up. In order to maintain the continuance of sustainability housing programs, the programs need to always evaluate the economic viability, socio-cultural acceptability, technical feasibility and environmental compatibility.
Keywords: Eco-friendly homes, sustainability, Environmental, waste water management, solar Energy
Keywords: Eco-friendly homes, sustainability, Environmental, waste water management, solar Energy
Abstract
IoT Virtual Doctor Robot
Dr. M. Sudha, M. V. Yuvabharathi, S. Sushmitha
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2022.10116
Abstract: Our project deals with the modalities of the Smart Virtual Doctor Robot using Internet of Things (IoT), a user- friendly health Robotic machine with an interactive user interface for medical necessities. The check-up/self-screening test is a virtual health system, aimed at the first point of contact for monitoring heart rate, blood pressure, temperature. In case of emergency, a doctor will be available online through a video call, based on the severity of patient’s conditions, a call can be placed by a doctor to book an ambulance (based on the conditions). In non-emergency cases, the system will also dispense medicines prescription based on the health conditions. As an overall Result, the Doctors feel the system can be adopted in an area where medical facility is not available immediately. In such regions adopting this system not only help in medical emergencies/epidemic/pandemic such as COVID, it also increases the percentage of survival. Our overall system is controlled and monitored using Microcontroller and IOT.
Keywords: Virtual Doctor Robot, dispense medicines prescription, percentage of survival.
Keywords: Virtual Doctor Robot, dispense medicines prescription, percentage of survival.
Abstract
Android App for Classified Information Sharing in an Educational Institution
Sandhya.V, Nisarga.B, Dr.H.R.Divakar
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2022.10117
Abstract: The app can be used by educational institutes or colleges. The app provides a simple interface for maintenance of student information. This app will be helpful to students, lecturers, HOD and principal. It will deal with all kind of student details, academic related reports, department details, curriculum, batch details, placement details, online study material, notices, results, timetable and other resource related details too.
Keywords: Information, academics, notices, timetable, results.
Keywords: Information, academics, notices, timetable, results.
Abstract
Prediction Of Covid Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Shivaprasad G, Hemanth Kumar T, Dr. H R Divakar
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2022.10118
Abstract: The expanding number of people suffering from covid-19 is putting a strain on healthcare systems all around the world. Traditional approaches cannot be used to treat every patient with a respiratory infection because to the limited number of diagnostic tools available. Deep Learning has become increasingly popular in recent years, and it currently serves a critical role in picture classification, notably in medical imaging. Convolutional Neural Networks have been used to successfully diagnose a variety of diseases, including coronary artery disease, malaria, Alzheimer's disease, and other dental issues (CNNs). The test also has a long turnaround time and a low sensitivity. According to the study, infected patients displayed certain radiographic visual characteristics such as fever, dry cough, fatigue, and dyspnoea. X-ray machines are available at all healthcare facilities, and samples do not need to be transferred. This research suggests using a chest x-ray to classify the patient's selection for further testing and therapy. The use of chest X-ray images to diagnose the coronavirus responsible for coronavirus sickness 2019 (COVID-19) is life-saving for both patients and doctors. This is especially significant in countries where laboratory testing kits are unavailable. This study shows how the size of the dataset and the number of convolutional layers affect classification outcomes.
Keywords: Covid-19, Convolutional Neural Networks, chest X-ray images, life-saving, Dataset.
Keywords: Covid-19, Convolutional Neural Networks, chest X-ray images, life-saving, Dataset.
Abstract
CFD ANALYSIS ON JET NOISE REDUCTION USING FAN FLOW DEFLECTORS
Sivaraman S, Dhanush S.A, Bhavani Sai Sujith V, Ashwin S, Balaji M
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2022.10119
Abstract: Fan flow deflection for jet noise reduction was applied to subscale nozzles simulating the geometry and exhaust conditions of separate-flow turbofan engines. Two types of deflectors were investigated, one comprising two pairs of vanes internal to the fan duct and the other consisting of a wedge positioned outside the fan duct. The noise reduction achieved by the vanes was strong in the downward direction and moderate in the sideline direction. The wedge generated significant attenuation in both directions. Here the vane deflector going to be used on fan duct. When the flow passes through the nozzle the turbulent eddies can be generated more. While place a vane deflector on the fan duct, the vane deflectors reduce the TKE on the underside of the jet and increase it on the topside of the jet. There is a significant correlation between the decrease of the TKE near the end of the potential core and the reduction in overall sound pressure level in the direction of peak emission and the flow becomes streamlined flow and then the noise can be decreased.
Abstract
Comparison of Segmentation Techniques Used for Classification of Ayurvedic Medicinal Leaf
Poonam. B.Bhopale, Radhika.S.Ghat,Rasika.S.Ladage
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2022.10120
Abstract: This paper introduces a method for segmentation of images of medicinal plants. The tribal people in India classify plants according to their medicinal values. In the system of medicine called Ayurveda, identification of medicinal plants is considered an important activity in the preparation of herbal medicines. Ayurvedic medicines have become alternate for allopathic medicine. Hence, leveraging technology in automatic identification and classification of medicinal plants has become essential. Plant species belonging to different classes such as Ajwain, Betal, Curry, Methi, Milkweed, Neem and Tulsi are considered in this work.
Clustering is an unsupervised technique is used for organizing the data for efficient retrieval. This is mainly used in pattern reorganization and data analysis. Today many cluster analysis techniques are used for data analysis and have proven to be very useful in segmentation. Performance of these algorithms is data dependent. In this paper K-Means and Fuzzy C-Means are implemented for segmenting the Ayurvedic medicinal leaf. The proposed research work compares the computing performance and clustering accuracy of K-Means clustering with FCM clustering algorithm. Experimental results showed that higher performance is achieved by K-Means clustering when compared with FCM.
Keywords: Medicinal Plants leaf, Image processing, color Segmentation, Classification
Clustering is an unsupervised technique is used for organizing the data for efficient retrieval. This is mainly used in pattern reorganization and data analysis. Today many cluster analysis techniques are used for data analysis and have proven to be very useful in segmentation. Performance of these algorithms is data dependent. In this paper K-Means and Fuzzy C-Means are implemented for segmenting the Ayurvedic medicinal leaf. The proposed research work compares the computing performance and clustering accuracy of K-Means clustering with FCM clustering algorithm. Experimental results showed that higher performance is achieved by K-Means clustering when compared with FCM.
Keywords: Medicinal Plants leaf, Image processing, color Segmentation, Classification