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VOLUME 8, ISSUE 3, MARCH 2020
Modelling and Implementation of Ball and Beam System using PID Controller Tuned with Particle Swarm Optimization
S. Anitha, B. Irfhanna Ameer, G. Kirthika, S. Logeshwari and Dr.S.M Girirajkumar
Di-Electric Pyramidal Horn Antenna on the Basis of Geometrical Theory of Diffraction
Ravinder Kaur, Maninder Singh
An Adaptive Image Enhancement Technique Preserving Brightness Level
Ritu, Maninder Singh
BER Reduction in DVB-C System with Different Interleaving Techniques And 64-QAM Modulator
Dolly Gandhi, Maninder Singh
Military Surveillance Robot Using IOT
Dr.S.M. Girirajkumar, A. Yaamini, R.S. Sanchhali and G.Nivashni Devi
Blood Flow Analysis in Thoracic Aorta During Aneurysm
Akshaya B, Atchaya G, Barakath Nisha A, Hemalatha K, Tamilarasan T, Shanmugavalli M
|DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2019.8306
Vibration Control of Cantilever Beam using Resonant Sensor
Sakthivel.B, Vimalathithan.A, Prabakaran.B, Sachin.M, Aravind.P, Shanmugavalli.M
Design and Simulation of Micro Coriolis Flow Meter using IntelliSuite
M. Divya Prabha, J. Jayashree Priyadharshini, R. Saranya Devi, M. Shanmugavalli
Prevention of Fuel Tank Explosion using PLC
Rahulkrishna, Venkata Sai Ramesh, Baskar, Jeevanantham
Reader for Visually Impaired using Raspberry Pi
Nagarajan N, Sainath@Siddharth G, Soorya Prakash S, Jayanth Raj, Stalin Raj S
Early Flood Detection and Avoidance using IoT
AS Sai Nishhok Krishnaa, Ajeet Kumar S, Karthikeyan M, Bharath Rishi K, Venkat R
Melanoma Detection using Convolution Neural Networks
Laxminarayanan G, Mohan kumar T, Bevin I, Sathya Prakash T
IoT Based Coriolis Mass Flowmeter
Mrs.Omamageswari M, Martin R, Housen Raj D, Vigneshwaran S, Yogeswarane P
Biometric Based Two-Wheeler Security System using GPS and GSM Technology
Prathaban. A, Keerthi Bhooshan. S, Vijayaraj. G, Dinesh. S, Jeevanantham. J
Smart Traffic Signal Control System
K. Naveenraj, P. Parthipan, S. Senthilsaran, M.Thrivikram, E.Venkatesan, B. Vijayendrar
|DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2019.8315
Control of Earth Leakage Current by Smart Earthing System
Ms. Manisha S. Shingote, Mr.Avhad Atul Shivram, Mr.Dalvi Atish Tukaram, Mr.Kadam Akshay Navnath, Mr.Kokane Suraj Sanjay
Review of Microstrip Patch Antenna for its use in Multi Input Multi Output Antenna System
V.W.Sonone, D.R.Shinde, R.S.Dhorje
High Speed Multi-Digit Decimal Adder Using CLA Techniques
V.Sushmitha, Mareeswari.L, Mareshwari.S, Selvarani.N, Susee.P
Designing Digital Video Broadcasting- Cable System with Reed-Solomon Encoding and 64-QAM Modulator
Dolly Gandhi, Maninder Singh
Abstract
Modelling and Implementation of Ball and Beam System using PID Controller Tuned with Particle Swarm Optimization
S. Anitha, B. Irfhanna Ameer, G. Kirthika, S. Logeshwari and Dr.S.M Girirajkumar
Abstract: The ball and beam system are widely used as a tool for learning traditional as well as advanced control techniques. The system with highly nonlinear characteristics is an excellent tool to represent unstable systems. This paper represents an optimal control strategy for controlling the position of ball on the beam by comparing the various optimization algorithms like Zeigler-Nichols, Cohen-Coon and Particle Swarm Optimization. This system is an open loop non-linear system. The whole system could be implemented by employing a servo motor, an Infrared distance sensor, a processor and a support assembly. The system is designed with two Degrees-of Freedom. The nonlinear characteristic of the higher order system is regulated by using PID controller. The control problem is a challenging one as the ball position continuously varies with the beam angle. The control strategy includes PID control for both ball position (beam angle) and servo position control. The control parameters are tuned using optimal method. Then the results are verified experimentally using real time ball and beam system.
Keywords: Optimization algorithms, higher order system, PID controller, ball and beam
Keywords: Optimization algorithms, higher order system, PID controller, ball and beam
Abstract
Di-Electric Pyramidal Horn Antenna on the Basis of Geometrical Theory of Diffraction
Ravinder Kaur, Maninder Singh
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2019.8302
Abstract: The transmission of speech, music, pictures and other information by means of electrical signals is known as electrical communication. Across short distance speech and music are transmitted directly from there source to the listeners by mean of acoustic wave, similarly a picture is transmitted directly by light wave across short distance. Over large distances, wire communication and radio communications are used to transmit such signals, in the latter case it is the antenna system which plays the vital role in the process by coupling the source of power to free space and then directing this energy in some preferred direction. This paper introduce microwave and has briefly presented the history of antenna developments. Middle portion of the paper gives acquaintance with the work done on dielectric antennas. In the last the author has attempted to justify the reason for taking of the problem and has also briefly mentioned the aspects to be dealt with, also discussed the Geometrical theory of Diffraction.
Keywords: Electrical Communication, Acoustic Wave, Wire Communication, Radio Communications, Antenna, Microwave
Keywords: Electrical Communication, Acoustic Wave, Wire Communication, Radio Communications, Antenna, Microwave
Abstract
An Adaptive Image Enhancement Technique Preserving Brightness Level
Ritu, Maninder Singh
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2019.8303
Abstract: Now a day, everyone is fond of selfies. Not only selfies, man wishes to capture all his memorable events. This results in the increase of number of images and videos. It is obvious that a more amount of memory is needed to store all these images and videos. If these images are needed to be transmitted, it even requires large bandwidth. So, there comes the need of image compression techniques. Image compression is a type of data compression applied to digital images, to reduce their cost for storage or transmission. These image compression techniques reduce the storage space occupied by the image without any loss to image quality. Thus, the image size can be reduced by selecting proper compression technique depending on the requirement of user or application. Algorithms may take advantage of visual perception and the statistical properties of image data to provide superior results compared with generic compression methods. The image size can be reduced by selecting proper compression technique depending on the requirement of user or application. Image compression is a technique in which the storage space of image is reduced without degrading the image quality. We used SVD for the compression. In this, the image is compressed such that there is loss in image data, that is, image cannot be reconstructed if once compressed. This technique is best suited for normal photographs where a small loss of fidelity is acceptable. Most of the regular image compression techniques used today is lossy techniques. SVD is also a lossy image compression technique. SVD is robust and reliable orthogonal matrix decomposition method. Due to SVD conceptual and stability reasons, it becomes more and more popular in signal processing area. SVD has prominent properties in imaging. Although some SVD properties are fully utilized in image processing, others still need more investigation and contributed to. A key property of SVD is its relation to the rank of a matrix and its ability to approximate matrices of a given rank. Digital images are often represented by low rank matrices and, therefore, able to be described by a sum of a relatively small set of eigen images. This concept rises the manipulating of the signal as two distinct subspaces. SVD is an attractive algebraic transform for image processing. The method cum procedure using SVD and compress an image
Keywords: Image Enhancement, SVD, Brightness Level
Keywords: Image Enhancement, SVD, Brightness Level
Abstract
BER Reduction in DVB-C System with Different Interleaving Techniques And 64-QAM Modulator
Dolly Gandhi, Maninder Singh
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2019.8304
Abstract: DVB-C is the most widely used standard for interactive television. DVB-C uses the MPEG-2 standard for coding the data, as well as Forward Error Coding, Reed Solomon Coding and Convolutional coding to make the signal robust against the high amount of error that comes with transmission. It also uses QPSK to modulate the signal, which makes the information be encoded in the phase instead of the amplitude, which also helps with making the signal robust enough for the channel. But due to increase in number of users and changing needs of users in the field of communications and entertainment, there are new challenges that the currents standards are not able to satisfy. So as the number of users increases the system complexity and interference also increases. The communication channel is not free from the effects of channel impairments such as noise, interference and fading. These channel impairments caused signal distortion and Signal to Ratio (SNR) degradation. This problem can be overcome by implementing the system with different modulation and error detection and correction schemes. So first design a DVB-C system with Rectangular 64-QAM Modulator and Reed-Solomon Encoder. Then analyze this system with different interleaving schemes such as convolutional, helical, matrix, block and random interleaving and find the best suited interleaving scheme with lowest bit error rate.
Keywords: DVB-C, QAM, RS, Interleaving, BER
Keywords: DVB-C, QAM, RS, Interleaving, BER
Abstract
Military Surveillance Robot Using IOT
Dr.S.M. Girirajkumar, A. Yaamini, R.S. Sanchhali and G.Nivashni Devi
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2019.8305
Abstract: Remote surveillance and monitoring of our frontier has seen a growing need in emerging times. Currently the surveillance of International border areas is a strenuous task for soldiers. As every field is opting for robotics in order to improve the existing systems, our aim is to implement the robotics in military security systems for the at most security. By this paper, we put forward a surveillance robot which is capable of surveilling and detecting for intruders in region of international borders Therefore the surveillance robot is designed in such a way that it would automatically detect the invader in the borders and alert the nearby security personnel as a helping hand by alerting him through video streaming over Internet of Things. The heart of the robot is a powerful Raspberry Pi 3 Model B which is used as the ultimate controller for the entire operation of the robot in this bot we have used PIR sensor which is interfaced with the raspberry pi in order to rotate the camera for video streaming and it would be enabled when an intruder is detected. And Infrared sensor is used for detecting the obstacles in order to avoid collisions. For capturing and streaming the video the raspberry pi camera is attached to the micro controller which actively monitors the area and send a notification when any obtrusion is detected. The transmission part of the surveillance robot is carried out using Internet of Things by enabling WiFi. The live streaming ability of the raspberry Pi allows the camera feed to be analyzed from any location using internet. The IOT module eliminates the need of transmitter and receiver module thus it makes the node compact, cost effective and ease of using. Thus, the Raspbian operating system-based surveillance robot is designed to achieve the objective of this paper.
Keywords: Surveillance Robot, Wireless Camera, IOT, Video Streaming, Raspberrypi
Keywords: Surveillance Robot, Wireless Camera, IOT, Video Streaming, Raspberrypi
Abstract
Vibration Control of Cantilever Beam using Resonant Sensor
Sakthivel.B, Vimalathithan.A, Prabakaran.B, Sachin.M, Aravind.P, Shanmugavalli.M
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2019.8307
Abstract: Blood flow measurement plays a vital role to identify and diagnosis of various diseases in different organs of the body. Depending on the change in geometry of aorta, blood flow rate will change depending on non- Newtonian fluid characteristics. Hence in this paper simulation of the aorta is designed and modulated using ANSYS 18.1 to calculate the shear stress of the thoracic aorta to identify aneurysm (weakening of aorta) which is major cause for coronary artery disease.
Keywords: ANSYS, Blood Flow, Thoracic Aorta, Aneurysm, Wall Shear
Keywords: ANSYS, Blood Flow, Thoracic Aorta, Aneurysm, Wall Shear
Abstract
Design and Simulation of Micro Coriolis Flow Meter using IntelliSuite
M. Divya Prabha, J. Jayashree Priyadharshini, R. Saranya Devi, M. Shanmugavalli
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2019.8308
Abstract: LabVIEW based active vibration control by using piezoelectric type resonant sensor is used to suppress the vibration produced in a mechanical system to make more stable vibrations produced by the system should to be controlled. In this paper the characteristics of a resonance control system is based on maintaining the proper frequency, the controller that is realized as a virtual instrument and programmed in the LabVIEW environment, data acquisition and control is implemented by using myRIO. The simulation results in active control vibrating beam using PID controller. The proposed control technique achieves good vibration suppression and it can be tuned to satisfy the requirement.
Keywords: LabVIEW, myRIO, Piezoelectric Sensor
Keywords: LabVIEW, myRIO, Piezoelectric Sensor
Abstract
Prevention of Fuel Tank Explosion using PLC
Rahulkrishna, Venkata Sai Ramesh, Baskar, Jeevanantham
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2019.8309
Abstract: This paper reports the design and various analysis of Micro Coriolis flow meter in INTELLISUITE software. The flow meter is designed in 3D BUILDER and simulation part is done using Thermo Electro Mechanical (TEM) module in INTELLISUITE. The transient behaviour and the resonant frequency are analysed in TEM module. The values of three modes of frequency of the structure are obtained.
Keywords: Transient behaviour, Modes of frequency, Micro Coriolis flow meter, TEM analysis
Keywords: Transient behaviour, Modes of frequency, Micro Coriolis flow meter, TEM analysis
Abstract
Reader for Visually Impaired using Raspberry Pi
Nagarajan N, Sainath@Siddharth G, Soorya Prakash S, Jayanth Raj, Stalin Raj S
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2019.8310
Abstract: According to a recent case study, it is found that around 25-30% of death due to road accidents are mainly caused by explosion of fuel tanks. Currently Original Equipment Manufacturers are mainly concentrating about the advancement in their automobile technology where limited importance on the safety measures has been considered. Thus the fuel tank has been designed with capabilities that it could avoid explosion by absorbing the fuel at the encounter of an accident within few seconds. The design of fuel tank will be containing a polymer which will come in action at the time of an impact. The whole reaction is triggered by an impact sensor that is currently being used for the air bag safety system. The arrangements will be linked with this impact sensor which will fasten up the response time. The model can be designed according to the need of the automobile manufacturer, ensuring that this process is properly implemented in them. The ratio between the polymer, water and fuel can be standardized according to the capacity of the tank. The impact when sensed by the sensor sends the signal to the PLC and which opens the valve of the polymer and water. Thus, the polymer along with water gets sprayed over the fuel and absorbs the fuel within few seconds, leading to non-combustible form of fuel. We know that the fuel is highly inflammable and explosive but at the end of this process it will have a change in its state leading to non-flammable and incombustible form. These arrangements can play a vital role not only in Automobiles but also in all other Fuel Reservoirs such as Industries, Fuel Station, Defence and Power Plant where it helps in case of natural calamities or any manmade catastrophe.
Keywords: Fuel absorbent, Prevention of explosion, PLC, Automobiles, Reservoirs, Power plant
Keywords: Fuel absorbent, Prevention of explosion, PLC, Automobiles, Reservoirs, Power plant
Abstract
Early Flood Detection and Avoidance using IoT
AS Sai Nishhok Krishnaa, Ajeet Kumar S, Karthikeyan M, Bharath Rishi K, Venkat R
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2019.8311
Abstract: This paper explains the automated document reader for blind people with the help of Raspberry Pi. This process takes place with the help of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology for identification of the printed characters using image sensing devices and computerized programming. It converts images of typed, handwritten, or printed text into machine encoded text with the help of OCR. In this research these images are converted into audio output (Speech)with the help of OCR and Text-to-speech synthesis. The conversion of printed document into text files is done with the help of Raspberry Pi which again uses Tesseract library and Python programming. The text files are processed with the help of OpenCV library and python programming language and hence the audio output is obtained.
Keywords: Character recognition, Low power, Document Image Analysis (DIA), Raspberry Pi 3B, Speech Output, OCR based book reader, OpenCV, Python Programming.
Keywords: Character recognition, Low power, Document Image Analysis (DIA), Raspberry Pi 3B, Speech Output, OCR based book reader, OpenCV, Python Programming.
Abstract
Melanoma Detection using Convolution Neural Networks
Laxminarayanan G, Mohan kumar T, Bevin I, Sathya Prakash T
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2019.8312
Abstract: Flooding is typically brought on by an increased quantity of water during a water system, sort of a lake, river overflowing. On occasion a dam fractures, abruptly releasing a huge quantity of water. The outcome is that a number of the water travels into soil, and ‘flooding’ the region. Rivers are involving river banks, in a station. Aside from lack of products and house and office property, streets infrastructure flood water consists of bacteria and sewage flow of waste sites and chemical spillage which results in a variety of diseases afterwards.
Flood predictions need information like: The speed of change in river stage on a realtime basis, which can help indicate the seriousness and immediacy of this threat. Understanding the form of storm generating the moisture, such as length, intensity and a real extent, which is valuable for discovering potential seriousness of the flood. In this system we make use of a Arduino Uno interfaced with 4 different sensors, named as Ultrasonic sensor for measuring water levels, float sensor detect full water, Flow sensor for knowing speed of water and humidity sensor. These combinations of sensor are used to predict flood and alert respective authorities with help of IOT and sound instant alarm in nearby villages to instantly transmit information about possible floods. T hese sensors provide information over the IOT using Wifi module. On detection of conditions of flooding the system predicts the quantity of your time it might take to arrive a specific area and alerts the villages/areas that would be affected by it. The system also calculates the time it might deem flood to succeed in them and provides a time to people in order that they will evacuate accordingly.
Keywords: Flood Detection, IOT, Sensors, Arduino, GSM Module
Flood predictions need information like: The speed of change in river stage on a realtime basis, which can help indicate the seriousness and immediacy of this threat. Understanding the form of storm generating the moisture, such as length, intensity and a real extent, which is valuable for discovering potential seriousness of the flood. In this system we make use of a Arduino Uno interfaced with 4 different sensors, named as Ultrasonic sensor for measuring water levels, float sensor detect full water, Flow sensor for knowing speed of water and humidity sensor. These combinations of sensor are used to predict flood and alert respective authorities with help of IOT and sound instant alarm in nearby villages to instantly transmit information about possible floods. T hese sensors provide information over the IOT using Wifi module. On detection of conditions of flooding the system predicts the quantity of your time it might take to arrive a specific area and alerts the villages/areas that would be affected by it. The system also calculates the time it might deem flood to succeed in them and provides a time to people in order that they will evacuate accordingly.
Keywords: Flood Detection, IOT, Sensors, Arduino, GSM Module
Abstract
IoT Based Coriolis Mass Flowmeter
Mrs.Omamageswari M, Martin R, Housen Raj D, Vigneshwaran S, Yogeswarane P
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2019.8313
Abstract: In today’s modern world, Skin cancer is the most common cause of death amongst humans. Skin cancer is abnormal growth of skin cells most frequently develops on body exposed to the daylight but can occur anywhere on the body. Most of the skin cancers are curable at early stages. So, an early and fast detection of skin cancer can save the patient’s life. With the new technology, early detection of carcinoma is feasible at initial stage. Formal method for diagnosis skin cancer detection is Biopsy method. It is done by removing skin cells which sample goes to varied laboratory testing. It is painful and time-consuming process. The skin cancer detection system using convolution neural network for early detection of skin cancer disease is proposed. It is more advantageous to patients. The diagnosing methodology uses Image processing methods algorithm. The dermoscopy image of skin cancer is taken and it goes under various pre-processing technique for noise removal and image enhancement. Then the image is undergone to segmentation. These features are given as the input to classifier. Convolution neural network is used for classification purpose. It classifies the given image into cancerous or non-cancerous.
Keywords: Skin Cancer, Deep Convolution Neural Networking, Image Processing, MATLAB
Keywords: Skin Cancer, Deep Convolution Neural Networking, Image Processing, MATLAB
Abstract
Biometric Based Two-Wheeler Security System using GPS and GSM Technology
Prathaban. A, Keerthi Bhooshan. S, Vijayaraj. G, Dinesh. S, Jeevanantham. J
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2019.8314
Abstract: According to a study, The Coriolis flow meter market has been one of the fastest growing flow meter markets over the past five years. Many users find Coriolis Effect flow meters a good investment, despite their higher initial purchase price when considering total cost of ownership. As such, many process plants are increasingly selecting Coriolis meters to replace differential-pressure devices, and their use is also growing in the oil & gas industry. One of the most important features of Coriolis effect flow meters is that they measure mass flow. While volumetric flow measurement is sufficient in many cases, mass flow measurement provides certain advantages. For example, many products are sold by weight rather than by volume, and in these cases it is often desirable to measure mass flow. Chemical reactions are often based on mass rather than volume, so mass flow measurement is also often required in the chemical industry. This paper aims to introduce measurement of pressure along with mass flow measurements of the liquid put into use. The pressure sensor (BMP 180) is used to measure the pressure of the liquid present inside the tube. Thus, the entire Coriolis Effect for Mass flow measurement has been executed with an additional feature of pressure measurement at a very minimal price than those available in the markets these days with a very high accuracy of 0.1percent along with technical incorporation of Internet of Things (IoT) to reduce manual interaction and also to access the data from remote sites.
Keywords: Differential Pressure Devices, Wifi- Module, Pressure Sensors, Accuracy, IoT
Keywords: Differential Pressure Devices, Wifi- Module, Pressure Sensors, Accuracy, IoT
Abstract
Control of Earth Leakage Current by Smart Earthing System
Ms. Manisha S. Shingote, Mr.Avhad Atul Shivram, Mr.Dalvi Atish Tukaram, Mr.Kadam Akshay Navnath, Mr.Kokane Suraj Sanjay
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2019.8316
Abstract: Nowadays traffic congestion in the urban areas is becoming very difficult due to enormous increase of automobiles. So in order to rectify this problem we presented a nice way to regulate the vehicles in crowd and a junction area, which eliminates the involvement of humans in its operation. Traditional traffic signal system only gives instructions to stop. However, if someone is breaking the signal then this system is not able to catch them and there are chances of taking bribe. Therefore, to increase the security of traffic signal, to reduce human efforts, and to avoid the bribery we are introducing smart traffic signal system through this project. Smart traffic signal based on the Arduino & infrared sensor, in which infrared sensors are placed at one side of road in such a way so as to cover particular necessary area of road from where the vehicles are waiting in the signal. Then it compares the density of the all the four tracks and it gives green signal to which track have a more density of vehicles. If all the track has same density, then normal flow of signal is maintained. If the signal is red and any vehicle breaks the signal, then the infrared sensor detects it and Arduino microcontroller take immediately action to buzzer alarm to warn the vehicles which cross the signal line mark. In addition , another feature is implemented called “Punishing Signal”. It uses special decibel meters connected to traffic signals across the city. When the decibel exceeded a 85dB, the signal timer would reset itself, forcing the people to wait longer at the signal. This is meant to ‘punish’ them for their impatience with the message that if they honk more; they will have to wait longer. “Honking is a bad habit and an act of traffic indiscipline. Unfortunately, many of them indulge in reckless honking. Honking causes noise pollution, hurts the eardrums, increases heart rate, creates traffic confusion and causes stress, that system have reduce the noise pollution and the avoiding the human error in the signal changing and reduce or control the traffic jumping at the time of red signal is displayed.
Keywords: Traffic signal, smart signal, automatic traffic control, density based traffic control, IR based signal.
Keywords: Traffic signal, smart signal, automatic traffic control, density based traffic control, IR based signal.
Abstract
Review of Microstrip Patch Antenna for its use in Multi Input Multi Output Antenna System
V.W.Sonone, D.R.Shinde, R.S.Dhorje
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2019.8317
Abstract: This system used to maintain and controlling earth resistance. The earth resistance is maintained by controlling moisture of earth using moisture sensor. Soil moisture sensor senses the moisture of the soil and gives data to the micro- controller. If moisture decreases microcontroller operates motor through relay and water supplied to soil. Also we can se the status of moisture content of soil whether the moisture is present or not on (LCD).Also when any fault occurs the fault current flows through earthing and gets grounded, so in the proposed system instead of grounding the fault current we are storing that fault current in a battery through rectifier. And when battery gets fully charged then the battery gets disconnected by relay and fault current continues to flow from earthing to ground. The fully charged status of battery will sense by (vdc) and then it will give command to relay to disconnect the battery.
Keywords: VDC - Voltage Divider Circuit, LCD - liquid Crystal Display
Keywords: VDC - Voltage Divider Circuit, LCD - liquid Crystal Display
Abstract
High Speed Multi-Digit Decimal Adder Using CLA Techniques
V.Sushmitha, Mareeswari.L, Mareshwari.S, Selvarani.N, Susee.P
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2019.8318
Abstract: The rapid growth of wireless communication has created a strong demand for high data rates and antenna miniaturization. Multi input multi output systems play a very important role towards this aspect. It is possible to achieve high data rates, enhanced bandwidth and increased capacity using MIMO system. Use of diversity in MIMO systems is effective in reducing multipath fading. The crucial problem in design of MIMO systems is selecting the antenna as performance enhancement depends on the antenna used. In MIMO system as multiple antennas are used at the transmitter and receiver side, studying the properties of various antenna array configurations is required. In this paper a review concerning the properties and advantages of Microstrip patch antenna and its use for design of MIMO system is discussed.
Keywords: MIMO, microstrip patch antenna, wireless communication.
Keywords: MIMO, microstrip patch antenna, wireless communication.
Abstract
Designing Digital Video Broadcasting- Cable System with Reed-Solomon Encoding and 64-QAM Modulator
Dolly Gandhi, Maninder Singh
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2019.9301
Abstract: DVB-C stands for Digital Video Broadcasting-Cable. The standard was first published by the ETSI in 1994, and subsequently became the most widely used transmission system for digital cable television in Europe. The operation starts when video, audio, and data streams are multiplexed into MPEG-2 transport stream. The MPEG-TS is identified as a sequence of data packets, of fixed length (188 bytes). A first level of protection is then applied to the transmitted data, using a non-binary block code, a Reed-Solomon RS (204, 188) code, allowing the correction of up to a maximum of 8 wrong bytes for each 188-byte packet. Though there are many virtues of implementing DVB-C system, there are many shortcomings too of the same which cannot be neglected. The very first limitation and an important one too, is in the form of bit error rates supported by it. They are limited and not compatible with the existing and rapidly changing wireless standards. For the transmission of HDTV – high-definition television and also for accommodating more channels for broadcasting, there was a strong need of new standard. The second limitation of the DVB-C system is its hugely inferior performance with portability or mobility which restricted its usages in moving vehicles. To design a Digital Video Broadcasting – Cable System with MPEG-2 data as input. Analyze this system with different interleaving schemes (such as convolutional, block, random, helical and matrix interleaver), 64-QAM modulation and Reed-Solomon error detection and correction encoding for improving the efficiency of this system.
Keywords: DVB-C, QAM, RS, BER
Keywords: DVB-C, QAM, RS, BER