VOLUME 8, ISSUE 7, JULY 2020

Abstract: The main objective of this project is to design and develop an automatic rail crack detection system to identify any crack or deformation on the railway track based on electromagnetic induction technology using eddy current probe. When the vehicle is powered ON, it moves along the model track. The eddy current probe monitors the condition of the tracks and IR sensor is used to detect the obstacle if present. When the crack or the obstacle is detected by the respective sensor the vehicle stops and the GPS receiver triangulates the position of the vehicle to receive the Latitude and Longitude coordinates of the vehicle position from satellites. The Latitude and longitude coordinates fetched by GPS are sent to control room with the help of Wi-Fi Module. The complete setup is powered by battery.

Keywords: Eddy current probe, Ardiuno-uno, Wifi Module.

Abstract: In wireless communication, higher data rates can be achieved by increased or more efficient use of bandwidth and transmitting power. A key technique for spectral optimization is Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). OFDM is a technique proposed for high-speed wireless LAN by the European Telecommunication Standards Institute and IEEE which is being considered for 4G mobile. OFDM technology is described for physical layer of proposed Wireless LAN standard whose data rate ranges from 6 to 54 Mbit/s depending on Quality of Service (QoS). It is designed to provide Wireless Local Loop (WLL) to core networks, e.g. Asynchronous Transfer Mode, GSM/UMTS or any IP-based multimedia network. Data rate, coding rate and modulation type are determined by the link adoption scheme automatically depending on the channel conditions. There are several ways to utilize the frequency band in a flexible way so that the available bandwidth is utilized to maximal efficiency. These access techniques uses a small portion of available energy with low power spectral density, high data transmission rates, less intercarrier interference and efficient use of bandwidth. The main cause of interference in OFDM system is channel fading, and all the errors are in transmission occurred due to effects of channel. One method that can be implemented to overcome this problem is by introducing channel coding. Channel encoding is applied by adding redundant bits to the transmitted data. The redundant bits increase raw data used in the link and therefore, increase the bandwidth requirement. So, if noise or fading occurred in the channel, some data may still be recovered at the receiver. While at the receiver, channel decoding is used to detect or correct errors that are introduced to the channel. To design an WLAN system with Rectangular QAM Baseband Modulator and OFDM as a multiple access technique. Then, analyze this system with to reduce the interference and improve the BER of system.

Keywords: WLAN, BER, OFDM.

Abstract: In the past decade there has been a steady growth in development and implementation of Wireless Local Area Network and Remerged as in the largest sector of the telecommunication industry. Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) provides connectivity, mobility, and much higher performance and achievable data rate. WLAN is a new medium of a access technology in the Local Area Network (LAN) world. Mostly WLAN applications are used in public sectors such as airports, banks, hotels, offices, city centres because of the flexibility of the people. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has been adopted by IEEE 802.11’s standard as a transmission technique for high data rate in WLANs. Now IEEE 802.11 standard has been expanded to a family of WLAN standards. 802.11a and 802.11g both are used Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) but operate in different frequency bands. It is shown that 802.11a provides high speed throughout the entire coverage area and long term solution however it does not provide better solution in most cases as compared to IEEE 802.11g. Matlab Simulation model of WLAN based on IEEE 802.11a using different modulation and demodulation techniques such as BPSK, QPSK and QAM to analysis the best performance of IEEE 802.11a with implementation of OFDM. Furthermore, the results show that the performance is improved significantly by adding convolutional coding with Viterbi decoding, and thus highlights the importance of Forward Error Correction (FEC) coding to the performance of wireless communications systems.

Keywords: WLAN, OFDM, BER, FEC.

Abstract: A battery is an electrical device which is used to alter the chemical energy to electrical energy. Batteries are classified into different types based on the application and these are used in several electrical as well as electronic devices. An electrical battery includes certain chemicals like compounds of mercury, lead etc. and the lead of a battery is extremely dangerous in nature and is not environment-friendly. Apart from these, there is a chance for chemical leakage as well as the explosion of the battery in certain cases. In this paper to overcome the problem of chemical leakage and explosion of battery, a Bio-battery is fabricated which reduces the impact of these chemicals in turn reduces the harm to the environment which gives a great advantage to humans. The objective of the paper is to highlight fabrication of an eco friendly battery based on bio chemical energy production and to build IOT based home automation system using bio batteries.

Keywords: Electrical battery, Bio-battery, Home automation, IOT.

Abstract: Electricity plays a vital role in both day to day life of people and the economic development of a nation. Electrical engineering deals with the study and applications of physics and mathematics combined with elements of electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism to both large and small-scale systems to process information and transmit energy. It covers a wide range of subfields including power engineering, control systems, radio frequency engineering, signal processing, and telecommunications.

Keywords: Electricity, Current, Voltage, Power, Energy

Abstract: Anthropometry medical measuring system is very important in health sector in taking the physical measurement of patients. The research focused on the need to consider a parametric design of height and weight measuring system with the enlightenment of basic design principle. The materials involved for the parametric design of this medical measuring system under study are Load Cells with Strain Gauge (weight sensor), Sonar with Ultrasonic Sensors (height sensor), Liquid Crystal Display, Medium Density Fibreboard, Rubber Mounting, Microcontroller Arduino Board and other important accessories. The results from the design analysis revealed that the system weight sensor platform has shear force of 630 N, maximum bending moment of 126 Nm. The compressive stress that could be induced during measurement of maximum human weight is 6 kN/m2 and stress that could be induced due to maximum bending moment is amount to 605 N/m2. The amount by which weight sensor platform could deflect when subjected to bending moment is 0.000004 m. These values indicate that the design is safe for operation which is far lesser than the property parameters of the materials used for the weight sensor platform. The designed height of the system for the measuring of the height is about 2.1 m (7 Feet), the area of the stand platform for the measuring of the weight is about 0.2 m2. The weight sensor for the design could measure from 1kg to 200 kg with accuracy of about ±0.1 kg and height measuring sensor could measure through a scanning range of 0.4 to 2.5 m with accuracy of about ±1 mm.

Keywords: Anthropometry, Manikin, Medical measuring system, Parametric design, Sensor.

Abstract: This paper is proposed with the design, simulation, analysis of bridgeless negative output Luo converter with resistive load for open loop and closed loop with PI controller with the aim of improving the power factor and reducing the THD at the AC main side. To eliminate the requirement of front end diode bridge rectifier, the bridgeless topology converter is introduced for reduction in the conduction losses and to improve the power quality of the system. The Bridgeless negative Luo converter has been designed to operate in DICM and to act as an inherent power factor pre regulator. The MATLAB simulation is performed for bridgeless negative output Luo converter in Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM) of operation with 48V output voltage, 200 W output power with 30 kHz switching frequency. The PI controller is used to regulate the output voltage and improves the power factor to about 0.99 and reduces the source current THD to about 1.79% which is less than 5% as per IEEE-516 prescribed standard.

Keywords: Bridgeless Luo converter, PI controller, Power factor, THD.

Abstract: This paper provides an Optimized Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU) with BIST capability, ALU comprising of different arithmetic operations and logical operations is implemented. ALU is used in many processing and computing devices, due to rapid development of technology not only the faster arithmetic unit is required but also less area and low power arithmetic units are needed and due to the increasing integration complexities of IC‘s the Optimized ALU implemented sometimes may malfunction, so testing capability must be provided and this is accomplished by Built In Self-Test (BIST) for Optimized ALU. In this project the implementation will be done in Encounter platform.

Keywords: ALU, BIST, Vedic Algorithm, Cadence Encounter, Xilinx.

Abstract: Oral health is a part of general health. Oral health also influences the quality of life. Dental caries and periodontal diseases are the common diseases in populations. These diseases are highly irreversible, once occur and also have complex etiology. Although primary preventive techniques exist to total protection. A Descriptive study to access the awareness regarding oral hygiene and prevalence of oral problems among school children at selected school, Mohali, Punjab. Assess the awareness regarding oral hygiene, describe prevalence of oral problems, determine the association between awareness regarding oral hygiene and prevalence of oral problems, find out the association between awareness and prevalence with selected sociodemographic variable. Qualitative approach and descriptive research design is adopted in this study. The study was conducted at BSF, Arya Senior Secondary School, Sohana, Mohali (Punjab). Target population was school children. Study was conducted on 150 school children; sampling technique adapted to this study is purposive sampling technique. Structured questioner and check list were prepared. Tools were validated by various concerned experts before application. The result was interpreted as follows. According to sociodemographic variable the age of 12 years 20% (30) 13 years 44 % (66) 14 years 36% (54), class 7th 20% (30), 8th class 44% (66) 9th 36% (54) sex of the child male 100% female 0%, education of father, illiterate 0%, middle 8% (12), Matric 41% (62), Senior Secondary 41% (62) graduate and above 9% (14). In the present study 150 students participated. The findings of the study revealed that majority of school children show moderate level of awareness about oral hygiene and prevalence of oral problems.

Keywords: Assess, Awareness, Prevalence, Dental Problems, Oral Hygiene.

Abstract: Accidents remain a major health problem for children of all ages, in spite of attempts at prevention by industry, health workers, educators, and legislation. In order of decreasing frequency, serious pediatric accidents include moving- vehicle accidents, water-related accidents, burns, poisonings, and falls. Their cause, severity, and prevention will be considered, with future challenge. WHO: Shape healthy environments for children-the feature of life WHO Health Day -7 April 2003. One study that deals with the reported and observed practices of mothers of children 0 to 3 years old [n = 357] in relation to injury prevention. Prevention practices for falls, poisonings, burns, suffocation, electrocution, and drowning and car safety were studied following a developmental approach. At both ages unsafe behavior conducive to suffocation, scalds and car safety were reported in relatively higher frequency than for other causes of injury. A Study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program regarding knowledge and practice of mothers on prevention of accidents among toddlers in selected urban community area Bangalore. Assess the knowledge and practices of mothers regarding prevention of accidents among toddlers, find out the effectiveness of structured teaching program regarding knowledge and practice of mothers on prevention of accidents among toddlers, determine the association between the selected demographic variables with knowledge and practice score of mothers regarding prevention of accidents among toddlers. Evaluative approach and one group pre test post test pre experimental design was selected for the study. The study was conducted in Rupena Agrahara Area, Bommanahalli, in Bangalore. The population of the study was mothers of toddlers in selected urban community area at Bangalore. Content validity of the tool was obtained from seven experts and the reliability of the tool was r=0.92. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select 40 mothers of toddlers. A structured interview schedule was used to know the knowledge of mothers regarding prevention of accidents. The data obtained were analyzed and interpreted in terms of objectives and hypotheses of the study by using descriptive and inferential statistics in term of frequencies, percentage, mean, standard deviation and chi-square test. The study findings revealed that in the pre test score the mothers have less knowledge score in all aspects the mean percentage in the pre test score is 31.67% with S.D. 2.6. in the post test score the mothers gained knowledge with the mean percentage of 73.33% with S.D. 2.6. The study revealed that there was an enhancement of the knowledge score in the post test. This indicates that the structured teaching program is effective in enhancing the knowledge and practice of the mothers regarding prevention of accidents among toddlers. On the basis of findings, it is recommended that a similar study may be replicated issuing a large number of respondents. It is also recommended that the other methods of teaching with frequent reinforcement be implemented for improving the knowledge and practice of mothers regarding prevention of accidents among toddlers and well-educated mothers could be expected to reduce the mortality and morbidity among toddlers.

Keywords: Effectiveness, Structured Teaching Program, Knowledge, practice, prevention, accidents, toddlers.

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has advanced rapidly in recent years and this has resulted in a wide range of applications, on both Civil and Military. It’s a fact that, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the ability to do all most all of the jobs by themself. Artificial Intelligence is a relatively new branch to be implemented in the Military Sector. This has lead research agencies around the world to develop and deploy AI - driven systems in the Military Sector. The Ultimate goal of this, to implement Artificial Intelligence (AI) into as many military systems as possible, this can help in to control and communicate to various systems with precision. In this paper, We will provide a short introduction to Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Some of the Application where this can be used, which will lead to a change in the future of the Warfare.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence (AI), AI applications, Army tanks, Drones, Missiles.

Abstract: This paper deals performance analysis and operating principle of power electronics-based device called Distribution Static Compensator (D-Statcom) used to mitigate voltage sag, swell on a distribution network. The power circuit of the D-Statcom and the distribution network are modeled by specific block from the power system while the control system is modeled by Simulink blocks. A main feeder feeding the load is abruptly disturbed by the inclusion of sudden load thereby creating a voltage sag. This voltage sag is corrected by the static compensator. The dip in voltage is generally encountered during the variation of load. The model of D-STATCOM connected in shunt configuration to a three-phase source feeding dynamic loads is developed using Simulink of MATLAB software. Simulated results demonstrate that D-STATCOM can be considered as a viable solution for solving such voltage dip problems. In this, the three phase three wire disturbance create of three phase to two phase, two phase to single phase & single phase to two phase for Linear Load & three phase three wire disturbance is created for Non-Linear Load which is non sinusoidal and to prevent this unbalance system from being drawn from the D-STATCOM. This paper aims at performance analysis of three phase VSC based D-STATCOM for three phase three wire distribution system.

Keywords: FACTS, CPD, D-STATCOM, VSC, Mitigation, distortion, waveform.