International Journal of Innovative Research in Electrical, Electronics, Instrumentation and Control EngineeringA monthly Peer-reviewed & Refereed journal
IJIREEICE meets the suggestive parameters outlined in the latest University Grants Commission (UGC) for peer-reviewed journals, ensuring high standards of research integrity, publication ethics, and academic excellence.
Abstract: Battery technologies are well established and widely used technology but they offer several disadvantages like weight, volume, large internal resistance, poor power density, poor transient response. On the other hand, due to advancement in the material and other technology, Super capacitor or Ultra capacitors or Electrostatic Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC) is a most promising energy storage device. They offer a greater transient response, power density, low weight, low volume and low internal resistance which make them suitable for several applications. This paper summarizes recent research and development in the field of super capacitor technology. This paper gives a brief insight into the design, characteristics and applications of the super capacitor.
Abstract: While the majority of individuals can communicate using spoken language, certain persons with restricted skills must communicate using sign language, which involves hand and finger gestures, even if not everyone can comprehend what they are saying. The fast advancement ofinformation technology can aid in the comprehension and translation of gestures. Using the Kinect camera, this project seeks to develop and build a system that recognises alphabet sign language gestures with the feature of fingers opening. The tracking process and the recognitionprocess are the two steps of the recognition system. The tracking procedure was completed by using the hands tracking approach. The recognition process is divided into two phases: the first is to get input that will be used as reference data and data testers, which is accomplished by calculating vectors and vector angles; the second is to recognise gestures, which is accomplished by calculating the Euclid distance. The system can detect motions alphabets withan average degree of accuracy of 69.79 percent, which varies according on the scenario.
Cyber Space of Issues Relate To Wild Creature Intrusion Detection, Distraction and Vigilant System
Rajeshwari S, Akhila B, Anusha BM, Prathiksha BV
Abstract: In areas with high inhabitants and human convenience, interruption of natural life is toxic for people just as the creatures. Because of the unique idea of development along with actual ranges of wild animals, it is a running chat with trace these organisms or else present observation. Like an way out for this problem, this article aims a structure that can help in identifiable proof of imposition of feral creatures by rural estates through Cyber space of issues along with a Wi-Fi focused remote microcontroller entity. Prototyping occurs accomplished applying Energeia integrated development environment (IDE) meant for broadcast of experience in the direction of the woods administrator as of the source hub. Columns containing of an automatic division along with clone, pulsation radar, laser finder, laser junction rectifier, RF phone as well as ultralow power micro-controller remain set on the sides of the ground. On infraction, an alarm bell communication is conveyed via the Wi-Fi section. A creature information set is built for analysis of the projected context. The woodland official stands advised via a Python operative. Avoidance of delays in zones anywhere nearby a better pace of support among people after those feral organisms is vested all across this outline.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to provide network professionals with a common need to comprehend how to use VXLAN networks within their own organizations to release the entire potential of modern networking. Whilst interested network administrators shall acquire the most advantages from such content, the information contained within this research paper might be of use to each IT professional involved in network technologies. Aspects in this paper examine how VXLAN EVPN provides a solution to network challenges that have overwhelmed the entire industry for many years, and how to implement constructs that are usually observed in traditional networks thanks to this new technology. This research paper explores VXLAN EVPN, starting with an introductory stage, achieving a good understanding of terms and concepts as well as progressing via implementations through a single data center to several data centers. The following paper also refers design and the integration of Layer4-Layer7 network services, co- existence along with brownfield environments, operation, as well as maintain a VXLAN EVPN. At the conclusion of this paper, the reader will have a strong foundation of VXLAN EVPN and an understanding of real-world use instances that can be instantly used to help in the development of a strategy to effectively shift to next-generation data center with this new technology.
Grid Integrated Charging Dock System for Electric Vehicles
Mr. Jagtap Jayesh Girish, Mr. Jadhav Sunil Kisan, Mr. Pawar Kalpesh Chandrabhan, Mr.Pawar Rama Bhimrao, Prof. Dilip D. Gaikwad
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2021.9702
Abstract: Electric Vehicles (EV) are already becoming a mainstream preference for vehicle commutators, it is the future mode of powering the current fuel consuming vehicles due to its numerous advantages over them. Only challenge keeping the EV from wide acceptance is the limitations of EV battery charging infrastructure availability alongside the roads. Current public charging docks installed employ a plug in system, wherein the person needs to manually plug in the charging wire to and from the charging dock. These unattended charging docks involve risk factors like improper skills to select the correct mode , person safety, external weather conditions, etc. With this project we plan to introduce an automatic charging docks system, which will involve smart detection between the V2G and G2V mode of charging while in case of plug in system and interconnect it with the national electricity grid of 50 Hz frequency.
Abstract: Heart disease, alternatively known as cardiovascular disease, encases various conditions that impact the heart and is the primary basis of death worldwide over the span of the past few decades. It associates many risk factors in heart disease and a need of the time to get accurate, reliable, and sensible approaches to make an early diagnosis to achieve prompt management of the disease. Data analysis and machine learning are the most commonly used techniques for processing enormous data in the healthcare domain. Researchers apply several data mining and machine learning techniques to analyze huge complex medical data, helping healthcare professionals to predict heart disease. This research paper presents various attributes like age, gender, chest pain, cholesterol etc which are used to predict heart attack, and the model is trained using 4 machine learning algorithms namely- Logistic Regression, Gaussian Naïve Bayes, Decision tree and Random Forest algorithm. It uses the existing dataset from the UCI Heart Disease Data set of heart disease patients. The dataset comprises 303 instances and 76 attributes. This research paper aims to envision the probability of developing heart attacks in patients. The results portray that the highest accuracy score is achieved with Logistic Regression.
Evaluation of an RSSI-based Location Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks
Dr. Rajasekaran. A, C. Sai Keerthan
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2021.9704
Abstract: In today's world the conservation of energy is an important factor when it comes to usage of technology. As WSN are deployed very in wide range of application like military, automobiles, universities etc. The WSN can be of different kind of networks like Bluetooth, WIFI, and ZigBee etc. This paper mainly based on power optimization of Zigbee with the help of RSSI. Its aim is to present reliable, low-cost, low-power and wirelessly connected device for monitoring and control purposes. This research paper is to mainly focus on enhancement of the node connectivity and to use to user power in efficient way based Vth.
Smart Helmet Prototype for Safety Riding and Alcohol Detection
Dr.A.Rajasekaran, A. Sai Ganeshan, A. Sree Satya Ananth
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2021.9705
Abstract: There was a survey till 31 Mar 2015, Which clear tells that there are total of 154.3 million two wheelers are there in India, considering only the registered and renewed vehicle in to consideration, as the density of the two wheelers increases, there the main risk factor is to provide the safety to the riders.70% of the accidents reported are subjected to two wheelers and out 3 accidents in India 2accidents involve two wheelers as a victims, accidents of two wheelers are because of high density roads, heavy traffic, rash or negligence driving, drunk & Drive and a Sleepy riding, many times even after the accidents, accidents will not be reported properly or even the medical aid or assistance will not be available to the riders because of poor or no communication of the accidents, which leads to many number of the death in the recent years.
In this paper we are developing an IoT product called Smart helmet, which comprises of to units, motor unit and helmet unit, Helmet unit consists of the alcohol and Eye blink sensor, Alcohol Sensor will not allow rider to take on bike after drinking alcohol and eye blink sensor raises the alarm in sleeping conditions. Motor unit is able to communicate with the care takers with messages and GPS helps the system to track the location of the bike in case of the accidents, also this system act as accident prevention and detection system.
Abstract: Bidirectional DC-DC Converter (BDC) play an important role, as an interface circuit between the energy sources and the DC link in variety of industrial applications such as Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) units, electric vehicle (EV) and so on. Hence, BDC’s are gaining popularity in academic research and industrial applications. The converters manage bidirectional power flow between dc sources and the loads. The excess energy is stored in batteries or super capacitors. The disadvantages of non-isolated BDC’s are high voltage stress on the switches, more output ripple, low voltage gain ratio and hard switching operation. In order to overcome these issues, a new non-isolated BDC with coupled inductor was proposed. The advantage of this converter are, high efficiency, low output voltage and current ripple, high voltage gain ratio and also provides soft switching operation. The design, modelling, and simulation of non-isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter with coupled inductor method has been carried out in the present work. The present work included a design guideline for selecting output filter parameters, as well as a thorough overview of different modes of operation and the proposed switching scheme. The PWM technique with suitable PI controller was used to generate gate pulses for the proposed Converter. The performance of the proposed topology was observed by simulation in MATLAB-Simulink software tool. The analysis of closed loop operation using PI Controller was also carried out during the work. The simulation results showed the measurement of output voltage, output current, inductor ripple current for both buck and boost modes of operation of the proposed converter for a resistive load. For the input voltage of 120V DC, the current drawn was 1.98A with a step-down voltage of 48 V DC during buck mode of operation. For the input voltage of 48V DC, the current drawn was 0.834A with a step-up voltage of 120V DC during boost mode of operation. The simulation results showed that the efficiency of converter in boost mode and buck mode were 92.6% and 93.1% respectively. The performance of the converter was analysed and the results were discussed.
Keywords: Bidirectional DC-DC Converter (BDC), Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS), Coupled Inductor, MATLAB- Simulink, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), PI Controller.
Verification of Advanced Extensible Interface (AXI) Bus using UVM Methodology
Madhura M C, Bhagya, Deepika M, Manjushree R, Nisarga D
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2021.9709
Abstract: To speed up SoC integration and promote IP reusability, many bus-based communication architecture standards have emerged over the past several years. Verification of complex System-on-Chip (SoC) designs demands the need for a highly reusable testbench. The existing methodologies are Open Verification Methodology (OVM), Verification Methodology Manual (VMM) and many other which are tool dependent and not have greater flexibility for development of testbench. Universal Verification Methodology (UVM), the proposed one provides a class library for building advanced reusable verification environment. Advanced Extensible Interface (AXI) which is the most commonly used bus protocol is verified using UVM methodology. This paper also presents the different verification strategies such as Assertion based, Coverage driven, Random functional, Static functional, Dynamic functional and Equivalence Verification Simulation is performed using Questsim tool.
Mrs. Anu D, Harini L, Gayathri H, Jeevitha G R, Usha Y M
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2021.9710
Abstract: Individual ID numbers are broadly utilized for client verification and security. Secret word validation utilizing PINs expects clients to genuinely enter the PIN, which could be helpless against secret key splitting by means of shoulder surfing or warm following. PIN verification with hands-off look based PIN passage methods, then again, abandons no physical impressions also, hence offer a progressively secure secret phrase passage choice. Gaze based confirmation alludes to finding the eye area over consecutive picture edges, and following eye community after some time. This paper displays a continuous application for look based PIN passage, what's more, eye discovery and following for PIN recognizable proof utilizing a savvy camera.
Keywords: Face Recognition, Eye Detection, Open CV, Authentication System, HAAR Cascade.
Suyash M. Raut,Pavan M.Ghodkhande, Sahil Y. Karmarkar,Sanket T.Ramdham, Sachin U.Bende,Prof. H.P. Thakre
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2021.9711
Abstract: Today the energy meter is placed in the domestic or commercial sites and collects the data of the energy consumed and displays it on either a number dial or digital display. At the end of every billing cycle the person from the service provider has to visit the place where the meter is placed to get the reading and to note it down for further bill generation. The present system of energy charge is fallible and also long. So the purpose of this project is to develop an energy meter which is used to measure the consumer’s power consumption in kWh but also enable and support real consumption and, so meter reader does not need to visit each customer for the consumed data collection and to distributed the bill slip. The energy consumption is calculated using the measurement of voltage and current. It also continuously reads the energy meter readings and automatically sends some updates like low-balance alert, zero-balance alert, recharge alert when necessary, to the registered number through GSM modem. Illegal usage of power is detected and alert message is sent to the authorities immediately. The calculations of power and energy are executed by Arduino programming and message will send to the corresponding consumer regarding units’ consumption and the bill amount .
Keywords: GSM, Energy Meter, Load Control, Arduino Project, Smart Billing System .
Abstract: The purpose of this project was to develop an automatic Sanitization of the classroom . The energy demand of the system could be covered by solar panel system. In addition of toggle switch,it operate the device by both the supply. Sanitation is one of the largest problems faced by people in our country and how we could solve problem by devices and how the system is well stabilize by using wireless implementation. The final design consisted of a Solar panel system which is connected to charge controller and the AC source is connected to SMPS power supply, Ardunio and GSM module are used to control ON/OFF operation of the device, the pump of the sanitizer sprinkles switch ON automatically by call of mobile phone and also switch OFF by another call. we can also turn ON and OFF this device by manually. The relay is use to operate the pump and the pipes and nozzle of sprinkles are arrange in ceiling of the room in such a way resulted in a system that sanitizes the complete area of the room and operates automatically through mobile .
Tensor Flow-Based Automatic Personality Recognition used in Asynchronous Video Interviews
Mrs. Anu D, Chandana C, Chethan R, Jeevan BV, Krishna V
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2021.9713
Abstract: In this project, we propose a stress recognition algorithm using face images and face landmarks. In the case of stress recognition using a biological signal or thermal image, which is being studied a lot, a device for acquiring the corresponding information is required. In order to remedy this shortcoming, we proposed an algorithm that can recognize behavior of the person from images of video acquired with a general camera. We also designed a deep neural network that receives facial landmarks as input to take advantage of the fact that eye, mouth, and head movements are different from normal situations when a person is stressed and also we can identify the behavior of the particular candidate attending a online interview, there will conclude that whether the particular candidate is eligible or not. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm recognizes behavior more effectively.
Mr Chethan Kumar B H, Chethan Karthik K, Nihal S, Dhikshith S, Goutham R
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2021.9714
Abstract: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a pandemic with serious clinical manifestations including death. A pandemic at the large-scale like COVID-19 places extraordinary demands on the world’s health systems, dramatically devastates vulnerable populations, and critically threatens the global communities in an unprecedented way. While tremendous efforts at the frontline are placed on detecting the virus, providing treatments and developing vaccines, it is also critically important to examine the technologies and systems for tackling disease emergence, arresting its spread and especially the strategy for diseases prevention. The objective of this article is to review enabling technologies and systems with various application scenarios for handling the COVID-19 crisis. The article will focus specifically on 1) wearable devices suitable for monitoring the populations at risk and those in quarantine, both for evaluating the health status of caregivers and management personnel, and for facilitating triage processes for admission to hospitals; 2) unobtrusive sensing systems for detecting the disease and for monitoring patients with relatively mild symptoms whose clinical situation could suddenly worsen in improvised hospitals; and 3) telehealth technologies for the remote monitoring and diagnosis of COVID-19 and related diseases. Finally, further challenges and opportunities for future directions of development are highlighted.
Keywords: ESP32,Internet of Things (IOT), Cloud Computring.
Abstract: A weather station may be defined as a tool, which gives us with the data of the weather in our neighbouring environment. as an example, it is able to offer us with facts approximately the surrounding temperature, barometric pressure, humidity, and so on. therefore, this tool basically senses the temperature, strain, humidity, moderate intensity, rain fee. there are numerous kinds of sensors gift within the prototype, the use of which all the aforementioned parameters can be measured. it is able to be used to show the temperature or humidity of a selected room/area. With the help of temperature and humidity we're capable of calculate one-of-a-kind statistics parameters, collectively with the dew element. in addition, to the above-stated functionalities, we're able to show the slight depth of the vicinity as nicely. we've got had been given additionally enabled to display display screen the atmospheric pressure of the room. We also can show the rain price. 4 sensors are related to the ATmega328 especially temperature and humidity sensor (DHT11), stress sensor (BMP180), raindrop module, and mild primarily based definitely totally resistor (LDR).
Keywords: Agriculture data analysis, Irrigation System, Thing Speak, Cloud Platform, Internet of Things
A Raspberry-Pi Based Embedded System to Monitor Air and Sound Pollution Using IoT
Chetan B V, Mohammad Aftab Y H, Dheeraj Kumar S, Chandan Patil R V, Pavankumar I Dodawad
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2021.9716
Abstract: In recent day situation, the continuous increase in air and sound pollution prove to be an disturbing problem. It has become compulsory to control and appropriately monitor the situation. In this work, an Internet of Things (IoT) based methodology to monitor the Air Quality Index, Noise Intensity, Temperature and Humidity of a region has been proposed. The evaluation of methodology is performed on Raspberry Pi implementation with interfacing of a web server Thing Speak that has an API for posting and reviewing the data to the channel. Python is used for programming and interfacing the Raspberry Pi with various sensors viz. temperature/humidity sensor, sound sensor and gas sensor for collecting the data. The proposed system incorporates four segments, namely, the Air Quality Index Monitoring Module, the Sound Intensity Detection Module, the Cloud based Monitoring Module and the Anomaly Notification Module. Firstly, the Air Quality Index is measured studying the presence of the five critical air pollutants. Then the sound intensity is detected using relevant sensor. The Cloud based Monitoring Module ensures the process of obtaining the data with the help of Wi-fi-module present in Raspberry Pi which fulfils the objective of analysis of information on periodical basis. Lastly, the Anomaly Notification Module alerts the user in case of an undesired condition.
Keywords: Internet of Things, Thing speak, Raspberry Pi.
Chetan B V, Bharath P K, Akarsh S A, Mayur Vernekar, Nikhil Swamy B K
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2021.9717
Abstract: In this modern era, surveillance security camera system plays a vital role in day-to-day life, as it full-fills the safety aspects against burglary, theft related problems and reduces the need of the watchman. This work proposes a smart surveillance system that would act as a solution for security issues. The proposed system for smart surveillance involves a security camera with the night vision capabilities interfaced with raspberry pi. OpenCV is used to perform real-time image processing. This system proves to be a cost-effective way of surveillance, as it uses a credit card-sized chip Raspberry Pi (RPI). The methodology of the proposed system involves breaking down a video, captured by the camera in real-time, into separate frames. Each frame is processed using image processing tools in python. The pre- processed images (frames) are compared for change in pixel values, to detect the movement of an object. Then, an object detection algorithm like Tensor Flow is used to detect the object and classify it. Later, a buzzer is actuated to cognize the security system and personnel. Also, an alert notification is sent to the owner.
Restructuring of Distribution System for Voltage Profile Improvement and Loss Reduction using BPSO
Vinay J. Shetty, S.G.Ankaliki
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2021.9718
Abstract: This paper mainly focuses on finding the best restructuring of IEEE-69 bus distribution system network by changing the status of tie and sectionalizing switches without endangering the radiality of the network, the objective of the research is to improvise the system reliability in terms of voltage profile maximization and overall system loss minimization. Binary Particle swarm optimization (BPSO) is applied to achieve best switching without violating parameters allied to distribution system thereby ensuring the security of the system. The results obtained are satisfactory.
Keywords: Binary Particle swarm optimization, Network reconfiguration, Power loss, Voltage profile.
Design of a Solar PV based Hybrid AC mini grid System with Load Dispatch Centre for an Off-grid Area of Bangladesh
Al-Amin Shuvo, Md. Ziaul Islam, Dr. Md. Shawkut Ali Khan
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2021.9720
Abstract: The objective of the project is to design a vertical axis highway wind turbine to recapture wind energy from the vehicles on the highway. Wind energy is considered the fastest growing clean energy source however; It is limited by variable natural wind. Highways can provide a considerable amount of wind to drive a turbine due to high vehicle traffic. The wind turbines will be placed on the medians therefore fluid flow from both sides of the highway will be considered in the design. Using all of the electrical energy, existing streetlights on the medians can be fitted with these wind turbines. Additionally, since the wind source will fluctuate, a storage system for the power generated will be designed to distribute and maintain a constant source of power. Ideally, the turbine can be used globally as an unlimited power source for streetlights and other public amenities. For this project we are looking for “Vertical Axis Wind Turbine”. Mainly Savonius type of turbine can be used for this type of application as it collects wind from all kind direction.
GSM Based Smart controlled Digital Energy Meter with RFID Chip
Prof. Vishal V. Mehtre, Rajdeep Chaudhary, Jatin Tayal, Vaibhav Krishna
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2021.9722
Abstract: In the present day scenario, the energy consumption awareness plays an important role as its demand is growing day by day. Huge differences in energy production and consumption urges the need to reduce the power wastage. The prepaid electricity system proposed in this paper aims at reducing the wastage of power due to its theft and control its usage on the consumer side. This increases the overall efficiency of the power system. The RFID card enables a consumer to utilize the energy for which he has paid. A microcontroller continuously checks if his balance is within the threshold limit and he is notified when his balance goes below the limits. Once it exceeds the threshold value, the supply is automatically cut off. The user can then recharge by making an online payment whenever necessary. The LCD continuously shows the units of energy consumed.
A Low Latency BIRA Based on A Counting Row Column Threshold Approach
Layyina PV, Bency Varghese A, Linu Babu
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2021.9723
Abstract: Semiconductor memories are considered one of the most important aspects of modern VLSI Systems. Memories are the most important universal components in System on chip today. Almost all SOC’s contain some type of embedded memories, such as ROM, RAM, DRAM and flash memory. Due to use of deep micron technology the cells are becoming more susceptible to manufacturing defects. Semiconductor memories will occupy the 90% ofthe total chip area by 2016. Testing the memory IP in SOC becomes more important because the memory density higher than the logic part, which means the chance to have a defect, is higher in memory. The quality of embedded memorydominates the overall quality and profitably of the whole chip. The BIST methodologies offer solutions for testability of embedded memories and minimize the embedded memory tester’s requirements and reduce memory test time. A novel BIRA approach that focuses on a 100% repair rate and a minimal area overhead is proposed in this paper. In the modified method, depending on the error sensitivity and presetting a threshold, the rows with more errors are automatically replaced. After replacement any fault which isnot recovered are replaced with column spare wires. Thus minimal time is only required. Our experimental results confirm that the modified approach exhibits outstanding performance for delay that have 100% repair rates are designed using the tool Xilinx14.2. Coding is done using VHDL and simulation is verified using Xilinx ISE Design Suite. The software used is XILINIX ISE simulator. Implemented using VHDL module.
Keywords: Built-in redundancy analysis (BIRA), area overhead, redundancy analysis (RA).
Operating States of Power System and State Transition Diagram
Prof. Vishal V. Mehtre, Mr. Ayush Dua, Mr. Ashutosh Gupta
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2021.9724
Abstract: The classification of power system operating states plays an important role in power system control and operation. Determining the state of power system is crucial and requirements for the real time decision making in power system security assessment demand low dimensionally and low computational time. In this paper I have tried to explain all the operating states of power system along with the state transition diagram which comprises of five different states. The main purpose of both of these that is operating states and the state transition diagram is for the power system security. The power system needs to be secured. We need to protect it from the black out or any internal or external damage. The operation of power system is a set to be normal only when the flow of power and bus voltages are within the limits even though there is a change in the load or at the generation side. From this we can say that the security of the power system is an important aspect with respect to the continuation of its operation.
Keywords: Preventive state, Restorative state, Emergency state, Normal State, Alert State and Extreme State.
Prof. Vishal V. Mehtre, Mr. Sidhant Kumar, Mr. Nikhil Kr Singh
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2021.9725
Abstract: The security assessment, based on which determinant decisions should be made for power system design, control and operation, is a challenging issue for utility engineers and network designers, especially in large-scale power systems. Numerous methods have been proposed and implemented for this purpose, and a variety of indices have been suggested to address the static security condition of power networks. Large-scale datasets of measurements in continually expanding power systems necessitate advanced knowledge in big data analytics. In this review paper, numerical techniques and machine learning-based methods are reviewed as two main categories for static security assessment in power systems based on principal features of static security status classification such as type of classifier, the static security index, and feature selection and extraction methods. This paper can be used as a useful reference for static security assessment of power systems.
Keywords: static security assessment, normal state, alert state , emergency state , artificial neutral network
Prof. Vishal V. Mehtre, Vaibhav Krishna, Vaibhav Bhaskar
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2021.9726
Abstract: This paper establishes the design approach of flywheel energy storage system (FESS) in a uninterruptible power supply. The Flywheel Energy Storage (FES) system has emerged as one of the best options. After brief introduction to the FES system and its theory of operation, the paper focuses on the important role of the FES system in enhancing the operation of the distribution network. Supported by illustrated circuits, the FES system in the improvement of the power quality of the network. A flywheel energy storage technology was ended, with a special focus on the progress in automotive applications. In order to improve the efficiency and lifetime, then it discusses a newly proposed design of the FES system that emerged recently, which includes the use of Superconducting Magnetic Bearings (SMB) and Permanent Magnetic Bearings (PMB). In conclusion, the paper analyses the FES systems great potentials that could be exploited in improving the reliability of the electrical system.
RECOGNIZING FACIAL EXPRESSION THROUGH FREQUENCY NEURAL NETWORK
Mr. M. KRISHNA KUMAR,S. KARPAGAVALLI, S. KOWSALYA, S. MAHESWARI, S. MUTHUSELVI
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2021.9727
Abstract: An accurate and robust transformed face descriptor that exploits the capabilities of filtered back projection applied on Fourier filter Transform (FFT) and kernel frequency neural network (FreNet) methods is proposed. The method is invariant to rotation, variations in facial expression and illumination. Filtered back projection constructs transform parameters from a set of projections through an image enhancing feature patterns that provide an initialization for subsequent FFT computations. FFT discards high-frequency coefficients that form least significant data to retain a subset of lower frequency coefficients visually significant in the image. The resulting coefficient features are mapped to lower dimensional space using frequency neural network (FreNet) which extracts principal components that form the basis for the neural network classifier. Experiments were carried on JAFEE database and computed results compared with FRENET and FFT approach. The results demonstrate significant improvements in results compared to other approaches.
Keywords: Facial expression, fast Fourier transform, keras, polling layer, multiplication layer, Fan Fiction network, Deep learning, Unified modeling language, block sub sampling, kernel, recognition.
Abstract: The oceans of the earth offer vast amounts of renewable energy. The interaction of the sun-moon-earth system causes ones of the strangest phenomena called tides. The rise and fall of the tides – in some cases by more than 12 m – creates potential energy, and the ebb and flow currents create kinetic energy. Both forms of energy can be harvested by tidal energy technologies as renewable energy. The installation, operation and maintenance of ocean energy devices are relatively expensive. One promising improvement options is usage of modelling tools to improve array layout and design which will lead to increased device array efficiency and reduction of costs. This review provides an overview over the current state of research in the field of ocean energy. In particular, the authors focus on research beyond technology or technological improvements. This article also highlights areas where research gaps exists and where future research efforts should be directed to.
Prof. Vishal V. Mehtre, Mr. Rahul Keshari, Zeeshan Hyder
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2021.9730
Abstract: When a short-circuit occurs in a power system, the magnitude of the fault currents, which is very high compared to the steady state current that flows in the power system, is determined by the reactance of the power system equipment (and the reactance of the ground if ground is involved). It is essential that symmetrical and unsymmetrical analysis of the power system network be undertaken to determine the magnitude of these fault currents and fault MVA(Megavolt-Ampere) so as to select adequate ratings of the power system protective devices –such as circuit breakers, relays and fuses. Otherwise, these protective devices will not operate properly in the event of faults thereby causing considerable damage to life and equipment.symmetrical three phase fault is the most severe kind at the transmission lines, while for faults occurring very close to the generating station or synchronous generator, single line to ground fault is the most severe.
Keywords: symmetrical fault, un symmetrical fault, power system, fault analysis
Android Based Wireless Controller for Military Robot in 360 Degree Border Safety
Mr. Hemanth Kumar, Aakash, Ms. Deepthi V S, Chandana K R, Namratha R
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2021.9731
Abstract: Nowadays, a lot of money is spent in the defence sector on implementing primitive security systems to protect the border from trespassers. Some military groups enlist the assistance of robots in high-risk regions where army soldiers are ineffective. These Army robots are disguised and equipped with a camera, sensors, land mine detectors, and a TV screen. Our system's main goal is to blend in, with some added features such as Wi-Fi for real-time data from the camera displayed on the video screen and an IR sensor to track intruders. As a result, the suggested Wi-Fi system eliminates defence blunders and keeps the country safe from the enemy. Some military groups enlist the assistance of robots in high- risk regions where army soldiers are ineffective. The camera, sensors, ground mine detection, and video screen are all contained into these Army robots.
Keywords: Camouflaged, intruders, land mine detections, IR Sensors
Study of the Load Flow Problem in Power System Planning Studies
Harsh Verma, Ravi Mishra, V. V. Mehtre
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2021.9733
Abstract: To move further in any project or experiment, we need data because that data tells us the result of your analysis. Likewise, Data Acquisition System (DAS) or sometimes referred as DAQ has been a crucial part of every monitoring system. DAS converts physical conditions into the digital form and then stores it for analysis. Mostly, the signals from sensors are converted to digital form for further analysis. Data Acquisition System helps to measure or control physical characteristics of something in the real world. DAS provides faster response over failed organizations processes that may occur anytime in the system. The DAS procedures are optimized to the maximum to obtain maximum efficiency and better efficiency. Through this paper we will be discussing the Data Acquisition System which is often termed as DAS, its concept,its components, its importance and its purpose.
Supercapacitor construction, principle, operation, characteristics, advantages, disadvantages and applications
Rishabh Kumar Singh, Sudhanshu Kumar Mishra, Prof. Vishal V. Mehtre
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2021.9734
Abstract: Supercapacitors had resolved the limitations of lead acid batteries and provided excellent power performance. Continuously researches are going on to increase energy density and voltage of supercapacitor. Due to their benefits they are being used worldwide in various application for automotive, consumer electronics, renewable energy, railways, defence, power industries etc. I have mentioned about Supercapacitors its construction, principle, operation and characteristic along with their advantages and disadvantages at the end I mentioned the applications of Supercapacitor in different field.
Keywords: Supercapacitor, energy density, automotive, electronics, renewable energy, railways, defence, power industries.
Abstract: Supercapacitors had resolved the limitations of lead acid batteries and provided excellent power performance. Continuously researches are going on to increase energy density and voltage of supercapacitor. Due to their benefits they are being used worldwide in various application for automotive, consumer electronics, renewable energy, railways, defence, power industries etc. I have mentioned about Supercapacitors its construction, principle, operation and characteristic along with their advantages and disadvantages at the end I mentioned the applications of Supercapacitor in different field.
Keywords: Supercapacitor, energy density, automotive, electronics, renewable energy, railways, defence, power industries.
Prof. Vishal V Mehtre, Mr. Rakesh Kumar Mehta, Mr. Shikhar Patel
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2021.9736
Abstract: As we know, the new generation is only relying on electricity and their storage devices like batteries, cell etc. so this paper is reviewing fuel cell and their types that’s help us in the future.A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that convert chemical energy intoelectricity energy through chemical reaction like redox and oxidation reaction. Fuel cells are different from most of the batteries in requiring a continuous source of fuel and oxygen to sustain the chemical reaction, whereas in a battery the chemical energy usually comes from metals and their ions or oxidesthat are commonly already present in the battery, except in flowbatteries. Fuel cells continually produce energy if oxygen is provide to fuel cell.
Abstract: This paper reviews the state of security analysis of integrated resources and discusses the impact of system security on the operation and planning of renewable energy systems. This paper focuses on consistent security rather than strong protection of energy systems. This paper also discusses the assumptions, functions, and calculation tools considered to meet the safety requirements of energy systems. In addition, safety transfers between time-based planning models are introduced. Basically, real-time security analysis, short-term performance, mid-term performance planning, and long-term planning are analysed. This paper highlights the challenges and challenges of using security options in the electronics market and concludes that a global analysis of security options could provide additional opportunities to seek appropriate and achievable schedules on various time scales.
Sumit Mishra, Shubhanshi Mishra, Prof. Rupalee S. Ambekar
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2021.9738
Abstract: Because of growing amount of the data(known as big data) needed to be store and process there is a rapid growth of usage electricity and emission. In this paper we present the IT solution of this problem: green computing, solutions to storage and manage the energy and IT support needed to manage and control those systems. The article presents the main idea and already implemented solutions.
Keywords: cloud computing, energy storage, green computing, IT challenges.
Bhanu Pratap Singh, Noman Parvez, Prof.Vishal Mehtre, Prof. Dr. D. S. Bankar
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2021.9739
Abstract: The use of computer assisted systems is a major step towards improving the safety and performance of vehicles. This paper investigates one aspect of system design, the braking system. The design exercise is based upon a simulation of a cars braking system enables several alternative control strategies to be assessed. The findings illustrate the problems involved and the opportunities available for the application of an ‘intelligent’ control strategy.
Abstract: With the growing power demand , the need for innovative and novel methods to operate large interconnected power system has increased. As a consequence of many widespread blackouts in interconnected power system, the priorities for operation of modern power systems have evolved to the following . Operate the system in such way that power delivered reliably. We will assume that the engineering group who have design the power system transmission and generation system have done so with reliability in mind . Up until now we have been mainly concerned with minimizing the cost of operating in power system .An overriding factor in the operation of a power system is to desire to maintain system security . System security involve Practices design to maintain the system operating when component fail . In earlier days , security assessment in a power system was mainly online in nature .
Keyword: Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS), Static Var Compensator (SVC), System Security
AUTOMATIC TEMPERATURE DETECTOR AND DOOR OPENER FOR COVID SAFETY
Sathish Kumar, Sharmistha.N
DOI: 10.17148/IJIREEICE.2021.9741
Abstract: India is the largest democratic country in the world. Active involvement of the public in the formation of government is essential aspect of a democratic government this is confirmed by on election. Conduction election in a populated country like India is a difficult task in this corona situation. In this corona situation the people were scared to connect with other people. So that many people using one voting machine is difficult to serve the people. During the election it may keep the social distance but all the people using only one voting machine. Without touching vote is not possible in traditional voting machine. The corona virus is spread by touching , in this situation voting through the buttons is not safe. To overcome this problem we can use obstacle sensor for replacement of buttons with the help of arduino . So the touching is not required for our votes and it give the safe zone for us.