A Comprehensive Review on Solar-Powered Lawn Mowers: Design Evolution, Automation Integration, and Sustainability

Abstract: The solar-powered automatic lawn mower is designed to provide an eco-friendly alternative to traditional gasoline mowers, addressing environmental pollution and operational inefficiencies. It harnesses solar energy through a 100W photovoltaic panel to charge a 12V, 40Ah battery, which powers a DC motor connected to cutting blades. The mower operates in both manual and autonomous modes, the latter controlled by Arduino, Bluetooth, and ultrasonic sensors for obstacle detection. This dual-mode operation ensures user flexibility and improved safety. Fabricated using mild steel, the mower’s frame and blade are durable and cost- effective, with stress analysis confirming mechanical stability. The system offers quiet operation and zero emissions, making it suitable for gardens, parks, and institutions. Field testing showed an efficiency of 85%, with a 5-hour charge supporting 50 minutes of grass-cutting. Compared to conventional mowers, it requires less maintenance, emits no carbon gases, and reduces noise significantly. The project integrates prior research on blade design, sensor integration, and power management to optimize performance. Overall, it presents a sustainable, low-cost solution for modern lawn maintenance with scope for AI and IoT enhancements.

Keywords: Solar power,Ultrasonic sensor, AT mega 328P. Cutter, Solar Panel, DC Motor, lead acid battery