Design and Implementation of a High-Speed Charging Architecture for Intelligent Solar-Powered Battery Charging and Swapping Stations

Abstract: The rapid expansion of electric vehicle (EV) adoption necessitates advanced, user-oriented charging infrastructures capable of accommodating variable daily demand. Conventional plug-in charging methods often result in prolonged vehicle downtime, prompting the exploration of battery-swapping stations as a practical alternative. This study presents the design and implementation of a high-speed solar charging architecture tailored for smart battery-swap stations. The system integrates a fast Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) DC-DC solar charge controller engineered to recharge lithium-ion battery packs from 0 % to 100 % within approximately 2–3 hours. Key design objectives include maximizing charging efficiency, prolonging battery lifespan, and incorporating intelligent thermal- management strategies. Performance optimization is achieved through an advanced control algorithm executed on an ESP32 microcontroller, leveraging its high-frequency processing capability, dedicated analog-to-digital conversion for precise switching control, and Wi-Fi connectivity for real-time parameter adjustment. Experimental validation confirms the enhanced reliability and efficiency of the proposed fast-charging system, positioning it as a robust solution for next- generation smart solar charge/swap infrastructures.

Keywords: Fast Charging · Smart Solar Station · Battery Swapping · Power Electronics · Renewable Energy Integration