IoT-Based Temperature Humidity and Plants Monitoring and Precision Fertigation Enhanced by Drone-Assisted Crop Stress Detection

Abstract: Agriculture plays a vital role in the Indian economy, yet traditional farming methods often lack real-time monitoring and efficient resource utilization. The IoT Based Smart Agriculture Monitoring System aims to overcome these challenges by integrating Internet of Things (IoT) technology with modern sensor networks. The system continuously monitors critical environmental parameters such as soil moisture, temperature, humidity, light intensity, air quality, and rainfall. Using an ESP32 microcontroller and long-range Lora WAN communication, the collected data is transmitted to a centralized monitoring platform where farmers can access real-time information remotely.

This system helps farmers make data-driven decisions, optimize irrigation and fertilizer usage, reduce manual labour, and improve crop productivity. The use of renewable energy sources such as solar power further enhances sustainability. The proposed solution promotes precision agriculture and supports smart farming initiatives.