Physico-Chemical Characterization of Soil in the Vicinity of Banki Dam and Ghaghi Waterfall, Surguja District, Chhattisgarh, India

Abstract: This study presents a detailed physico-chemical characterization of soils collected from the vicinity of Banki Dam and Ghaghi Waterfall in the Surguja district of Chhattisgarh, India, with the aim of assessing their agricultural potential and fertility status. Soil samples from multiple locations were analyzed for key parameters including texture (sand, silt, clay), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon content, major nutrients (N, P, K), micronutrients, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and bulk density. The results revealed notable variations in soil texture and structure, affecting water retention and drainage properties. Soil pH was found to range from slightly acidic to neutral, generally favorable for a wide range of crops, while EC values indicated low to moderate salinity in certain areas. Organic carbon levels were sufficient to maintain soil fertility, though some deficiencies in nitrogen and phosphorus were observed. The findings underscore the need for site-specific soil management practices, including targeted fertilizer application and organic amendments, to optimize crop productivity and maintain soil health. These insights provide valuable guidance for farmers, researchers, and land managers to support sustainable agriculture and long-term soil conservation in the region.

Keywords: Soil texture, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon, nutrient status, Banki Dam, Ghaghi Waterfall, Surguja district, soil fertility, sustainable agriculture.