Design, Analysis, and Optimization of the Radiation Characteristics of a Circular Loop Antenna Using a Genetic Algorithm

Abstract: This study presents the design, analysis, and optimization of the radiation characteristics of a circular loop antenna employing a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to achieve enhanced performance across desired frequency bands. The circular loop antenna was modeled and simulated using the GA tool box in MATLAB, and key parameters such as loop radius, conductor radius, feed position, and substrate properties were optimized using GA to improve gain, bandwidth, and radiation efficiency. The optimization process utilized a fitness function that minimized return loss and maximized radiation resistance, leading to an optimal configuration that outperformed conventional designs. Simulation results demonstrate that the GA-optimized antenna exhibits improved impedance matching and stable radiation patterns over a wide frequency range. The proposed method confirms the effectiveness of evolutionary algorithms in antenna design, providing a robust framework for the automated optimization of microwave and wireless communication antennas.

Keywords: Circular loop antenna, Optimization, Genetic Algorithm, MATLAB, Radiation resistance, Radiation pattern, Gain.