Dynamic Voltage Regulation using Solar Powered Synchro-Inverter

Abstract: Voltage variations are a common issue in modern electrical power systems due to fluctuating load demand and increasing penetration of renewable energy sources. These variations can lead to voltage sag, swell, and power quality disturbances, which may affect the performance of sensitive electrical equipment. Maintaining a stable voltage level at the load terminal is therefore essential for reliable and efficient system operation.

This work presents a dynamic voltage regulation method using a solar powered Synchro-Inverter. The proposed system utilizes solar photovoltaic energy as the primary power source and incorporates a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller to ensure maximum power extraction from the PV array. A DC–DC boost converter is employed to regulate the DC link voltage, while a voltage-controlled Synchro-Inverter converts the DC output into AC power.

The inverter operates similar to a synchronous generator and dynamically adjusts its output voltage based on system conditions. A PID controller is implemented to maintain a constant load voltage by compensating voltage disturbances in real time. The inverter is connected to the distribution line through an injection transformer which enables effective voltage compensation.

The proposed system is modelled and simulated using MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results demonstrate that the system effectively mitigates voltage fluctuations, improves voltage stability, and enhances the power quality of the distribution network.

Keywords: Dynamic Voltage Regulation, Solar PV, Synchro-Inverter, MPPT, PID Controller, Power Quality.