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Keywords: DES, S-DES, Xilinx, Cadence.
VOLUME 1, ISSUE 9, DECEMBER 2013
Train Ticketing System using Smart Card
RAM KUMAR.C, VIJAYALAKSHMI.B, RAMESH C, DR. S.CHENTHUR PANDIAN
Enhancement of Satellite Images Resolution Using Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform
P.SUBBULAKSHMI, S.BHAVANI
Gesture and Touch Screen based password for more secure authentication with wireless communication
ROSE GEORGE KUNTHARA, RINCY MERIN VARKEY, NOYAL MARY JAMES
The Performance and Optimization of I2C Protocol using Verilog on Xilinx Tool
NARENDRA GUPTA, VIPIN GUPTA
Study of CAN Protocol for Area and Power Optimization using XILINX and Cadence Software
PARKHAR MATHUR, VIPIN GUPTA
Comparative Analysis of DES and S-DES Encryption Algorithm Using Verilog Coding
INDRA RAJ SHARMA, VIPIN GUPTA
Integrated Coupled-Inductor and Diode-Capacitor for a High Voltage Gain Dc-Dc Converter
P.S. DHIVYA, S.ESTHER GLORY, R.MOHAN DAS
Comparative call Capacity analysis of VOIP in IEEE802.11b WLAN Environment
JITENDRA JAKHAR, SANKIT R KASSA, TEJPAL
Solar Powered High Efficient Dual Buck Converter for Battery Charging
ESTHER GLORY. S, DHIVYA. P.S, SIVAPRAKASAM. T
Model Identification of Temperature Process and Tuning with Advanced Control Techniques
N.NITHYARANI, S.M.GIRIRAJKUMAR
System Identification and Comparison of Ziegler-Nichols and Genetic Algorithm for Moisture Process
H.KALA, S.ABIRAMI, S.M.GIRIRAJKUMAR
Analysis of Adaptive Hysteresis Based Horizontal Handoff Algorithm for GSM
S NEERAJA, G SASI BHUSHANA RAO AND A LAKSHMI NARAYANA
Embedded Based Digital Energy Measurement for Improved Metering and Billing System
S.GOPINATH, R.SURESH, T.DEVIKA, N.DIVYA, N.SUTHANTHIRA VANITHA
Direct Flux and Torque Control of Induction Motor Drive Changing the Hysteresis Band Amplitude
LOKANATH DHALL SAMANTA, BIBHUTI BHUSAN PATI, BIBHU PRASAD PANIGRAHI
Artefact Removal and Contrast Enhancement for Dermoscopic Images Using Image Processing Techniques
PRAGATI RAJENDRA MAHAJAN, PROF. MRS.A.J.VYAVAHARE
Analysis of Blood Glucose using Impedance Technique
INGRID ANNE P. NAZARETH, SULAXANA R.VERNEKAR, RAJENDRA S. GAD, GOURISH M. NAIK
High Resolution Spectral Analysis useful for the development of Radar Altimeter
BENCY ABRAHAM, LAL M.J, ABRAHAM THOMAS
A Research on Cluster Based Routing Methodologies for Wireless Sensor Networks
P.K.POONGUZHALI, V.S.JAYANTHI
Low Power Bist Implementation of Test Pattern Generation Based on Accumulator
PROF. E.DIVYA, PROF. S.RAJA
Abstract
Train Ticketing System using Smart Card
RAM KUMAR.C, VIJAYALAKSHMI.B, RAMESH C, DR. S.CHENTHUR PANDIAN
Abstract: The goal of our project is to attain improved travel information and electronic ticketing using smart cards. The smart cards are similar to that of an ATM, so that they can be recharged and can be reused often. Smart cards are secure portable storage devices used for several applications especially security related ones involving access to the system’s database. This looks into current trends in smart card technology and highlights what is likely to happen in the future. The smart card has a microprocessor or memory chip embedded in it that, when coupled with a reader, has the processing power to serve many different applications. The smart cards are user- friendly and so it can be used for Public Transport Networks (PTNs).It can also be noted as a service-oriented architecture. Railways are the important key aspect for the development of the Indian revenue. Many people are in need of train transportation than any other means of transportation because a number of people may travel at the same time. So people may prefer smart cards for the traveling purpose instead of booking the tickets. The existing fare booking system can be replaced by smart cards.
Keywords: Public Transport Networks (PTNs), Synchronous Serial Port (SSP), Power-on Reset(POR) and Power-up Timer(PWRT)
Keywords: Public Transport Networks (PTNs), Synchronous Serial Port (SSP), Power-on Reset(POR) and Power-up Timer(PWRT)
Abstract
Enhancement of Satellite Images Resolution Using Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform
P.SUBBULAKSHMI, S.BHAVANI
Abstract: Resolution enhancement(RE)methods that are independent of wavelets(interpolation methods) leads to blurring as high frequency components are lost.RE scheme based on Discrete wavelet transform(DWT) produces artifacts due to shift variant property.A complex wavelet-domain image resolution enhancement algorithm based on interpolation of the high-frequency subband images obtained by dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT) is proposed.In this scheme, decomposition of the low resolution image into different subbands is done followed by the interpolation of the high frequency sub band images and the input image.This method uses forward and inverse dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT) to generate the high-resolution (HR) image from the given low-resolution (LR) satellite input image. The HR image is reconstructed from the LR image by combining all these interpolated images using the inverse dual-tree complex wavelet transform (IDT-CWT). The quantitative peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and results are presented to reveal the superiority of the proposed technique through comparisons between state-of-the-art resolution enhancement methods.
Keywords: Resolution enhancement, image interpolation,shift variant, dual-tree complex wavelet transform, discrete wavelet transform, satellite image.
Keywords: Resolution enhancement, image interpolation,shift variant, dual-tree complex wavelet transform, discrete wavelet transform, satellite image.
Abstract
Gesture and Touch Screen based password for more secure authentication with wireless communication
ROSE GEORGE KUNTHARA, RINCY MERIN VARKEY, NOYAL MARY JAMES
Abstract: User authentication is a fundamental component in network communication. There are various types of authentication systems such as textual passwords, smart cards or tokens, biometric authentication etc. But the current authentication systems suffer from many weaknesses. This paper presents a multifactor authentication scheme. Here we are having two levels of security. In the first security level the user have to provide a gesture after wearing a 3D glove unit. The second level of security consists of a touch screen for drawing the pattern. The communication between these two levels is wireless, using Zigbee technology. The security analysis of this method shows that this scheme is sustainable to the vulnerability attacks during authentication process.
Keywords: authentication scheme, textual password, shoulder surfing
Keywords: authentication scheme, textual password, shoulder surfing
Abstract
The Performance and Optimization of I2C Protocol using Verilog on Xilinx Tool
NARENDRA GUPTA, VIPIN GUPTA
Abstract: The aim of this paper to optimize the I2C protocol which is one of the most popular serial data transfer protocol and used widely, design by Philips Semiconductors. The I2C protocol has many qualities such as controllability, less wire connection and low power consumption. By employing the I2C protocol in a design, much of the auxiliary support circuitry such as address decoders and standard logic gates needed for other communication methods can be removed.
Abstract
Study of CAN Protocol for Area and Power Optimization using XILINX and Cadence Software
PARKHAR MATHUR, VIPIN GUPTA
Abstract: In this paper we focus on the communication technology in industrial automation and automotive applications for robust network. The CAN Protocol was developed for use in industrial environments and for in-vehicle networks. Some of the CAN features are its multi-master capability, its built-in error detection and correction capability, as well as its unique fault confinement. In this work we design hardware for CAN Top Module based on CAN Architecture using the Xilinx software which are used to improving various functions of CAN protocol parameters such as optimization of area and power, in industrial and different communication system.
Abstract
Comparative Analysis of DES and S-DES Encryption Algorithm Using Verilog Coding
INDRA RAJ SHARMA, VIPIN GUPTA
Keywords: DES, S-DES, Xilinx, Cadence.
Abstract
The Design of a New Linear MEMS Variable Inductor
JABER MERRIKHI AHANGARKOLAEI, MIR MAJID TEYMOORI
Abstract: In this paper, we introduce a new structure of linear MEMS variable inductor which can be tuned using CCT method and we use a reticulated plate to varies the inductance. One of the advantages of this structure is a light weight relative to the integrated upper plate. The proposed structure consists of an inductor, movable ring plate and an electrostatic actuator system. In our tunable inductor, the electrostatic actuator is employed for mechanical movement. The simulation results show that, the minimum and maximum tuning range of our tuning inductor is 53% and 79% respectively and we have the linear change in inductance.
Keywords: MEMS, Variable Inductor, electrostatic actuator
Keywords: MEMS, Variable Inductor, electrostatic actuator
Abstract
Integrated Coupled-Inductor and Diode-Capacitor for a High Voltage Gain Dc-Dc Converter
P.S. DHIVYA, S.ESTHER GLORY, R.MOHAN DAS
Abstract: This project aims to design and implementation of high efficiency and high step –up non-isolated DC-DC converter. The high power non –linear loads and low power loads produce voltage fluctuations, harmonic currents and an imbalance in network which results into lower Power factor operation of power supply. There is a need of improved Power factor and reduced harmonic current in input line. In this project high step-up boost converter with coupled inductor has been introduced to regulate the line voltage. The DC power to this proposed converter is derived from AC lines by using diode bridge rectifier with filter. The main objective of design and implementation is to improve source side power factor with reduced harmonic content and also to improve the voltage conversion ratio at the DC load side.
Keywords: component- coupled inductor,diode bridge rectifier,low voltage sress, power factor correction.
Keywords: component- coupled inductor,diode bridge rectifier,low voltage sress, power factor correction.
Abstract
Comparative call Capacity analysis of VOIP in IEEE802.11b WLAN Environment
JITENDRA JAKHAR, SANKIT R KASSA, TEJPAL
Abstract: Photovoltaic power generation system implements an effective utilization of solar energy, but has very low conversion efficiency. The major problem in solar photo-voltaic (SPV) system is to maintain the DC output power from the panel as constant. Irradiation and temperature are the two factors, which will change the output power of the panel. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is used in photovoltaic (PV) systems to regulate the photovoltaic array output. MPPT controller typically consists of DC-DC converter with some duty cycle finding controller to maintain the output power as constant. The power can be stored in battery and then utilized for the powering the DC and AC load through inverter. In this project the dual buck converter has been proposed to track the maximum operating point of the Solar PV. The switching losses have been reduced and converter efficiency is improved by using dual buck converter. The modified perturb & observe (MPO) algorithm is used to provide suitable duty cycle to the dual buck converter. The dual buck converter will provide the battery bank a large energy capacity, to run at 9V, and a large output current to handle high power loads. Buck converters are used in controlling the charging current supplied to the battery based on the power obtained from the PV system. The applications of this converter are hybrid electric vehicles, renewable energy conversion system.
Keywords: Photovoltaic (PV) system, dual buck converter, MPPT, Battery Charger, MATLAB.
Keywords: Photovoltaic (PV) system, dual buck converter, MPPT, Battery Charger, MATLAB.
Abstract
Solar Powered High Efficient Dual Buck Converter for Battery Charging
ESTHER GLORY. S, DHIVYA. P.S, SIVAPRAKASAM. T
Abstract: In process control industries, automatic controllers are introduced. PID (Proportional-Integral- Derivative) controllers are the workhorses of many industrial controller applications. The commonly used Ziegler Nichols tuning method holds good for a system with small decay ratio and fails when decay ratio is large and tuning is also difficult. IMC tuning rules enhance the control performance by determining one tuning parameter, the filter time constant. The need for improved performance of the process has led to the development of robust and optimal controllers. Genetic (GA) algorithm allows the purpose of the optimized parameters for the controllers. GA performed standard tuning and determine ITAE (Integral Time Absolute Error) performance criterion produces most effective PID controller. In this paper, the objective of the controller design is to maintain the temperature of water in the liquid tank in a desired value. System identification of this nonlinear process is done by empirical method, which is identified to be nonlinear and approximated to be a First Order Plus Dead Time (FOPDT) model. The advanced control algorithm, IMC and GA is designed for this FOPDT process model. GA algorithm is implemented and the performance is compared with the conventional PID and IMC algorithm in terms of performances indices. It is observed that GA for the system provides optimum values of performance indices.
Keywords: PID ZN-II, IMC, GA, System Identification
Keywords: PID ZN-II, IMC, GA, System Identification
Abstract
System Identification and Comparison of Ziegler-Nichols and Genetic Algorithm for Moisture Process
H.KALA, S.ABIRAMI, S.M.GIRIRAJKUMAR
Abstract: Moisture maintenance at a particular phase is of primary importance in various industrialized applications such as food processing and pharmaceutical industries. In this effort a laboratory level humidifying arrangement is experimentally tested. A step input was introduced into the arrangement and consequential comeback is analysed. From the comeback, the replica was recognized and validated with premeditated records. For the replica, diverse control strategies such as Ziegler Nichols based Proportional Integral Controller (ZNPID) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) was tested in MATLAB environment. The performance of the controllers based on time sequence stipulations like rise time, settling time and overshoot were studied.
Keywords: Moisture, ZN-PID, GA.
Keywords: Moisture, ZN-PID, GA.
Abstract
Analysis of Adaptive Hysteresis Based Horizontal Handoff Algorithm for GSM
S NEERAJA, G SASI BHUSHANA RAO AND A LAKSHMI NARAYANA
Abstract: The GSM cellular system is one of the most popular 2G/2.5G/2.75G digital cellular telecommunications systems, which is widely used throughout the world. One of the most attractive features of GSM cellular system is handoff. It is the process of continuation of an active call when the mobile is moving from one cell to another without call termination. Usually, continuous service is achieved by properly designed handoff algorithm which reduces the switching load of the network. So, efficient handoff algorithms are a cost – effective way of enhancing the capacity and QoS of cellular system. In this paper, the handoff mechanism in GSM cellular systems, various handoff initiation algorithms of GSM are described and a new RSS based handoff algorithm with adaptive hysteresis is proposed for a GSM cellular network.
Abstract
Embedded Based Digital Energy Measurement for Improved Metering and Billing System
S.GOPINATH, R.SURESH, T.DEVIKA, N.DIVYA, N.SUTHANTHIRA VANITHA
Abstract: In this research paper,the proposed concept is to replace the traditional manual meter reading. Now a days the traditional manual Meter Reading was not suitable for longer operating purposes as it spends much human and material resource. It brings additional problems in calculation of readings and billing manually. The number of Electricity consumers is increasing in great extent. It became a hard task in handling and maintaining the power as per the growing requirements. Presently maintenance of the power is also an important task as the human operator goes to the consumer’s house and produces the bill as per the meter reading. If the consumer is not available, the billing process will be pending and human operator again needs to revisit. Going to each and every consumer’s house and generating the bill is a laborious task and requires lot of time. It becomes very difficult especially in rainy season. If any consumer did not pay the bill, the operator needs to go to their houses to disconnect the power supply. These processes are time consuming and difficult to handle. Moreover, the manual operator cannot find the Un-authorized connections or malpractices carried out by the consumer to reduce or stop the meter reading/power supply. The human error can open an opportunity for corruption done by the human meter reader. So the problem which arises in the billing system can become inaccurate and inefficient.But, in this proposal greatly reduces the manpower, save time and operates efficiently without any human interference. And the person who is checking the amount electricity consumed by the user automatically using the microcontroller chip. Our proposed model and project work aims that a new approach for data security and transmission of data using ZIGBEE technology.
Keywords: PIC microcontroller, Digital energy meter, Voltage Sensor, Current Sensor and Zigbee.
Keywords: PIC microcontroller, Digital energy meter, Voltage Sensor, Current Sensor and Zigbee.
Abstract
Review on Embedded System
HARPREET KAUR, JAGATJIT SINGH
Abstract: The purpose of this paper gives brief about the embedded system and expounds the main contents of embedded systems are real time operation system, application of embedded system, co design and design challenges etc. Embedded system is a part of large system. It is just try to know about the design of embedded system, real time operation system and also familiar with co design of hardware and software.
Keywords: Embedded system, Co-design, Design Challenges, The need and priorities in Research.
Keywords: Embedded system, Co-design, Design Challenges, The need and priorities in Research.
Abstract
Direct Flux and Torque Control of Induction Motor Drive Changing the Hysteresis Band Amplitude
LOKANATH DHALL SAMANTA, BIBHUTI BHUSAN PATI, BIBHU PRASAD PANIGRAHI
Abstract: Direct Flux and torque control (DTC) based speed control strategy of induction motor (IM) drive and the effect of flux and torque hysteresis band amplitude on this strategy is presented. This scheme is simple and provides a good dynamic response. But the major problem associated with this DTC drive is high torque along with stator flux ripples. The direct torque control of induction machine is based on the use of two hysteresis controllers. The scheme for a 5 hp IM drive is simulated by changing the hysteresis band amplitude.
Keywords: DTC, hysteresis controller, induction motor drive, stator flux ripples, torque ripples, voltage source inverter (VSI).
Keywords: DTC, hysteresis controller, induction motor drive, stator flux ripples, torque ripples, voltage source inverter (VSI).
Abstract
DSSS Based Radar Altimeter
DIVYA S.MENON, LAL M J, TOMSON DEVIS
Abstract: The basic functions of a radar altimeter is to provide accurate altitude measurements above the Earth surface with a high degree of accuracy and integrity during the approach, landing, and climb phases of aircraft operation. In this paper a design of Direct Sequence Ranging System useful for the development of spread spectrum based radar altimeter is proposed. Radar altimeter measures altitude more directly, using the time taken for a radio signal to reflect from the surface back to space vehicle. In Spread Spectrum technique the spectrum of the modulated signal is spread to cover a wider range of frequency spectrum. It offers features like resistance to jamming, transparency to unfriendly receiver, high resolution ranging etc.
Basic building blocks of a direct sequence spread spectrum based delay measurement system are simulated using Matlab. From the measured delay, the range is estimated and the accuracy /resolution o f the ranging s ys t e m is analysed from the results.
Keywords: Spread spectrum, Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum, PN sequence, Gold sequence, Radar altimeter
Basic building blocks of a direct sequence spread spectrum based delay measurement system are simulated using Matlab. From the measured delay, the range is estimated and the accuracy /resolution o f the ranging s ys t e m is analysed from the results.
Keywords: Spread spectrum, Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum, PN sequence, Gold sequence, Radar altimeter
Abstract
Artefact Removal and Contrast Enhancement for Dermoscopic Images Using Image Processing Techniques
PRAGATI RAJENDRA MAHAJAN, PROF. MRS.A.J.VYAVAHARE
Abstract: Dermoscopy technique is widely used for image acquisition in diagnosis of skin cancer. Artefacts such as air bubbles, ruler markings and hair which are covering skin affect the segmentation process. To improve the accuracy of segmentation, it is necessary to remove these artefacts. Also, it is possible that low contrast of dermoscopic image can give poor results of segmentation. So contrast of dermoscopic image has to be increased. This paper shows results of artefact removal and contrast enhancement for dermoscopic images using different image processing techniques.
Keywords: Dermoscopy, Image Processing, Contrast Enhancement, Skin lesion diagnosis
Keywords: Dermoscopy, Image Processing, Contrast Enhancement, Skin lesion diagnosis
Abstract
Analysis of Blood Glucose using Impedance Technique
INGRID ANNE P. NAZARETH, SULAXANA R.VERNEKAR, RAJENDRA S. GAD, GOURISH M. NAIK
Abstract: This paper proposes a non invasive measurement technique to estimate the level of glucose by impedance measurement. This work presents a study of the varying concentrations of glucose using RF Impedance Spectroscopy (RIS). A cell was designed to create body environmental conditions having glucose concentration comparable to body glucose of a healthy person. The changes in the measured absorption properties due to the presence of glucose in water were examined between 1000 MHz and 4000 MHz. Results show wherever there is a change in blood glucose level, there will also be a change in the body impedance. The authors propose a quick, portable and low-cost device which could be used to monitor the level of glucose, cholesterol and other important body parameters. The device is based on the measurement of „modulus of impedance‟ at molecular resonant frequency wherein absorption coefficient varies with blood glucose concentration.
Keywords: Glucose, Impedance Measurement, RF Spectroscopy, Network Analyzer, Four-probe Technique.
Keywords: Glucose, Impedance Measurement, RF Spectroscopy, Network Analyzer, Four-probe Technique.
Abstract
High Resolution Spectral Analysis useful for the development of Radar Altimeter
BENCY ABRAHAM, LAL M.J, ABRAHAM THOMAS
Abstract: This paper presents a comparative study of high resolution spectral estimation methods applied to Radar Altimeter. Spectral estimation methods such as Yule-Walker, Burg, Covariance, modified Covariance, MUSIC, minimum norm, ESPRIT methods are briefly reviewed. Computer simulations have been made using a test signal with six frequencies in order to evaluate the probability of detection of each frequency. High resolution spectral estimates showed much more spectral details than the Fourier spectrum and also it exhibits consistent peak position when compared to the lower resolution technique.
Keywords: Radar altimeter, High resolution, spectral estimation, Yule-Walker, Burg, Covariance, Modified Covariance, MUSIC, minimum norm, ESPRIT
Keywords: Radar altimeter, High resolution, spectral estimation, Yule-Walker, Burg, Covariance, Modified Covariance, MUSIC, minimum norm, ESPRIT
Abstract
A Research on Cluster Based Routing Methodologies for Wireless Sensor Networks
P.K.POONGUZHALI, V.S.JAYANTHI
Abstract: The design of Wireless sensor networks has currently significant attention due to their limitless potential and has great value of applications such as not closely connected environmental monitoring and target tracking. This has been motivated by the development and availability of small, low cost and intelligent sensors. A wireless sensor network is a collection of sensor nodes prearranged into a cooperative network. These sensors nodes are outfitted with limited processing and computing resources. Since radio transmission and reception consumes a lot of power, one of the critical suspicions in wireless sensor network is the inherent limited battery power within the sensor nodes. Therefore battery power is one of the vital parameter for an algorithm design to increase the lifespan of the sensor node. Recent researches have been carried out in investigating diverse aspects in connection with low power routing protocols. In this paper, the focus is mainly driven towards the review of energy efficient cluster–based available routing protocols for wireless sensor network. Also a methodology by which optimal routing can be achieved in the context of energy is portrayed artistically.
Keywords: Wireless sensor network, network life span, cluster-based routing, distributed clustering, energy efficiency.
Keywords: Wireless sensor network, network life span, cluster-based routing, distributed clustering, energy efficiency.
Abstract
Low Power Bist Implementation of Test Pattern Generation Based on Accumulator
PROF. E.DIVYA, PROF. S.RAJA
Abstract: The hardware overhead and fault coverage of a circuit is an important problem in integrated circuits and systems. To overcome this problem pseudorandom built-in-self-test (BIST) generators have been widely utilized to test integrated circuits and systems. A Pseudorandom pattern generator (PRPG) is used for generating test patterns (TPG). A weighted Pseudorandom built-in-self-test (BIST) schemes have been utilized in order to drive down the number of vectors to achieve complete fault coverage in BIST applications. Weighted sets comprising three weights, namely 0, 1, and 0.5 have been successfully utilized so far for test pattern generation, since they result in both low testing time and low consumed power. The test patterns are generated automatically (ATPG) for a benchmark circuit by using 3-weight pattern generator. The 3-weight WRBIST is used to reduce the test sequence lengths by improving detection probabilities of random pattern resistant faults (RPRF). So, in this part of project maximum numbers of faults are covered with automatic test pattern generation.
Keywords: ATPG - Automatic Test Pattern Generation, BIST- Built In Self-Test, RPRF- Random Pattern Resistant Fault, LT RTPG – Low transition Random Test Pattern Generation, LFSR – Linear Feedback Shift Register, WR BIST- Weighted Random
Keywords: ATPG - Automatic Test Pattern Generation, BIST- Built In Self-Test, RPRF- Random Pattern Resistant Fault, LT RTPG – Low transition Random Test Pattern Generation, LFSR – Linear Feedback Shift Register, WR BIST- Weighted Random
Abstract
Message Encoding in Images Using Lifting Schemes
A.N.NAGA JYOTHI, DR. G.A.E.SATISH
Abstract: Digital images store large amounts of data and information. This data can be manipulated to some extend without being detected by human eyes. An example of such manipulations is insertion of secret information which is often referred to as information hiding. A successful insertion of a message into an image is more difficult using colour images than that of gray scale images. A successful information hiding should result in the extraction of the hidden data from the image with high degree of data integrity. This paper presents an information hiding technique that utilizes lifting schemes to effectively hide information in color images.
Keywords: PNG, Steganography, Haar lifting calculation
Keywords: PNG, Steganography, Haar lifting calculation